新疆塔城市不同生境繁殖期鸟类多样性研究

Bird Diversity in Different Habitats During Breeding Season in Tacheng City,Xinjiang,China

鸟类作为生态系统中的重要动物类群,对环境变化相对敏感,常被用作环境监测和评价的指示类群,因此开展繁殖期鸟类群落研究对了解鸟类多样性及其与环境的关系具有重要意义。于2016—2019年,每年采用固定样线(带)法对新疆塔城市4种生境繁殖期(5—7月)鸟类多样性开展2次观测。在塔城市4种典型生境22条样线(带)累积记录到鸟类15目40科115种。其中,库鲁斯台草原鸟类物种数、成鸟个体数均最多,塔尔巴哈台山灌丛、草原次之,而额敏河河谷林最少。同一生境中,仅库鲁斯台草原成鸟个体数(F=4.183,P=0.017)和密度(H=5.004,P=0.008)年度之间差异显著。塔尔巴哈台山灌丛和库鲁斯台草原鸟类物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数较高;额敏河河谷林鸟类Pielou均匀度指数和塔尔巴哈台山草地鸟类Simpson优势度指数最高;不同生境间鸟类群落相似性(0.33~0.58)不高。所有生境鸟类均以食虫性为主,库鲁斯台草原鸟类食性集团多样且较平均,表现出相对较多的鸟类物种数。综上所述,塔城市地理位置特殊、自然资源丰富,为鸟类栖息和繁衍提供了良好的生态环境。

Birds form an important animal group in all ecosystems.Birds are sensitive to environmental change,relatively easily surveyed and are frequently used as indicators for environmental monitoring and evaluation.In order to understand the relationships between bird diversity and the environment,it is important to conduct bird community research during the breeding season.Twice a year during May-July in 2016-2019,the fixed line transect method was used to monitor bird diversity at four different habitats in Tacheng City,Xinjiang.22 line transects through four typical habitats were surveyed.During the observation period,15 orders,40 families and 115 species of bird were recorded.The number of species and the number of adults were highest in the Kulusitai Steppe(KS),the Taerbahatai Mts.Shrub(TMSH)and the Taerbahatai Mts.Steppe(TMST).The Emin River Valley Forest(ERVS)had the fewest.In the same habitat,the number of adults(F=4.183,P=0.017)and the density(H=5.004,P=0.008)of KS had significant annual differences.The species richness index and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of TMSH and TMST were higher.The Pielou evenness index of ERVS and the Simpson dominance index of TMST were the highest.The similarity of bird communities in different habitats was in medium level(0.33-0.58).The proportion of insectivorous birds was high in all habitats.A wide variety of bird foraging guilds were observed,these were distributed rather evenly with a relatively greater variety in KS.In summary the unique geographical location and the abundant natural resources in Tacheng City provide good habitat and a healthy breeding environment for birds.