甘肃玉门地区繁殖期鸟类多样性及年度变化

Bird Diversity and Annual Change During Reproductive Period in Yumen,Gansu Province

2013年4月至2019年6月,采用样线法对玉门地区鸟类进行调查,共记录鸟类17目36科97种,其中水鸟46种,国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类1种,国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类10种。就居留型而言,夏候鸟(53种)和留鸟种数(23种)分别占鸟类总种数的54.64%和23.71%。各年度鸟类居留型组成略有差异,但差异不显著(F 2,20=1.385,P=0.296)。4种生境中,湿地生境鸟类物种多样性最高,村落生境最低;农田疏林和村落生境相似性指数最高,湿地和村落生境最低。湿地和荒漠生境鸟类多样性指数、均匀度指数与其他生境之间均呈显著差异(P<0.05);农田疏林生境鸟类多样性指数、均匀度与村落生境之间无显著差异(P=0.065)。相关性分析发现,4—5月玉门地区平均降水量与鸟类多样性指数、均匀度指数之间相关不显著(r=0.02,P>0.05;r=-0.070,P>0.05),而4—5月均温与鸟类多样性指数之间呈显著正相关(r=0.879,P<0.05)。玉门地区繁殖期鸟类群落变化总体平稳,年间波动幅度小。

Bird Diversity in Yumen was investigated using the line transect method from April 2013 to June 2019.A total of 97 bird species were recorded that belong to 36 families and 17 orders.Among the 97 species,1 species was a first-class national protected bird and 10 were second-class national protected bird in China.Among the settlements,summer migrants(53)and resident species(23)were dominating,and accounted for 54.64%and 23.71%of the observed species,respectively.Bird composition in settlements varied slightly by year(F 2,20=1.358,P=0.296).Among the four habitats,the bird species diversity in wetland habitats was the highest,and the bird species diversity in village habitats was the lowest.The similarity index between farm forest and village habitats was the highest,whereas that between wetland and village habitats was the lowest.The diversity index and evenness index of birds in wetland and desert habitats were significantly different from those in other habitats(P<0.05),but the diversity and evenness index of birds in farmland and open forest were not significantly different from those in villages(P=0.065).The correlation analysis show that there was no significant correlation between average precipitation from April to May and bird diversity index(r=0.02,P>0.05),but there was a significant positive correlation between average temperature from April to May and bird diversity index(r=0.879,P<0.05).The change in the bird community in Yumen during the reproductive period was generally stable and there was little fluctuation during these years.