天祝夏玛林场不同生境夏季鸟类多样性

Investigation on Summer Bird Diversity in Xiama Forest Farm,Tianzhu County,Gansu Province

鸟类作为生命系统的一个重要类群,对维持生态系统的平衡具有重要意义。天祝县位于青藏高原东北边缘地带,植被群落多样,为鸟类提供了多样的栖息环境。为了解栖息于该地的夏季繁殖鸟类多样性状况,于2014—2019年6—7月采用固定样线法对甘肃省天祝县夏玛地区鸟类进行观测。共记录到鸟类77种,隶属于8目26科。其中,留鸟48种,夏候鸟29种;国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类1种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类7种;中国脊椎动物红色名录等级中的易危(VU)等级1种。不同生境鸟类群落结构在种数、多样性指数和均匀度上均以林地生境(59种,3.94058,0.69469)为最高,高山裸岩生境(9种,2.59806,0.45802)最低。采用广义线性混合模型对天祝地区不同生境不同海拔观测到的鸟种数和数量进行相关性分析,结果表明随着海拔升高,鸟种数显著下降(P<0.001)。由于人类活动对该区生态环境的持续破坏,鸟类栖息地质量和面积受到不利影响,鸟类观测与保护工作任重道远。

As a significant component of the biosphere,aves play an important role in maintaining ecosystem balance.Tianzhu County is located in the northeast edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The diverse vegetation provides a variety of habitats for birds.An investigation was carried out on the diversity of breeding birds in Xiama Forest Farm,Tianzhu County,Gansu Province,in June and July from 2014 to 2019 using the line transect method.77 bird species that belonged to 26 families and 8 orders were recorded;of these species,48 were residents and 29 were summer visitors.Among them,one species was listed in the first category and seven species were listed in the second category of the Chinese State Key Protected Wildlife List.Additionally,there were one vulnerable species in the Red List of China's vertebrates.The number of bird species varied among different years,but not significantly.Shannon-Wiener diversity index and evenness revealed that the community structure of birds in different habitats was highest in woodland habitats(59 species,3.94058,0.69469,respectively),and lowest in alpine littoral habitats(9 species,2.59806,0.45802,respectively).Moreover,a general linear mixed model was used to analyze bird richness and abundance in different habitats and at different altitudes in Xiama.The results show that there were significant differences in bird abundance among different habitat types,and bird species richness significantly decreased with increasing elevation.With continuous destruction of the ecological environment by human activities,the quality and area of bird habitats are adversely affected.Bird detection and protection have a long way to go.