湿地生态补偿研究进展

Study of Wetland Ecological Compensation:A Review

湿地被誉为“地球之肾”,是人类最重要生存环境之一。在梳理湿地生态补偿概念的基础上,系统整理了国内外湿地生态补偿政策与实践,针对补偿载体、方式、融资、标准、模式和绩效评估等进行总结分析,提出当前湿地生态补偿存在的主要问题包括理论研究滞后于实践,系统制度设计存在欠缺,补偿资金渠道相对单一,补偿标准差异大以及严重缺乏相应监管、成效评估机制等。最后展望了湿地生态补偿的优先研究方向:(1)加强湿地生态补偿理论研究;(2)加快湿地生态补偿制度研究;(3)扩大湿地保护试点实践研究;(4)增强湿地生态补偿监管及补偿成效评估研究。同时吸收总结国内外科学有效的补偿模式,助推现阶段我国市场化、多元化生态保护补偿机制建设,为湿地生态补偿和修复提供科学依据与决策参考。

Known as the"kidney of the earth",wetland is one of the most important living environments for human beings.On the basis of analyzing the concept of wetland ecological compensation,the policies and practices of wetland ecological compensation at domestic and abroad have been systematically sorted out,and the compensation carriers,methods,financing,standards,models and performance evaluation have been summarized.Moreover,the following main existing problems of wetland ecological compensation are proposed:theoretical research lags behind practice,system design is lacking,channels of compensation funds are relatively simple,compensation standards in different areas are significantly different,and the corresponding supervision and effectiveness evaluation mechanisms are seriously lacking.The priority research directions of wetland ecological compensation are prospected:(1)strengthening the theoretical research on wetland ecological compensation;(2)accelerating the study of wetland ecological compensation system;(3)expanding the pilot practice study on wetland protection;(4)strengthening the assessment of wetland ecological compensation supervision and compensation effectiveness.At the same time absorb and summarize the scientific and effective compensation models at domestic and abroad to promote the construction of market-oriented and diversified ecological protection compensation mechanisms in China at this stage.This study can provide scientific basis and decision-making reference for wetland ecological compensation and restoration.