土壤渗滤处理老龄养猪废水堵塞的光谱学和微生物学分析

Spectroscopy and Microbiological Analysis of Soil Infiltration Clogging in Treating Aged Swine Wastewater

土壤渗滤系统容易发生堵塞,堵塞问题是土壤渗滤研究的热点问题。利用三维荧光光谱(3D-EEMs)、红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)和高通量测序的方法研究了土壤渗滤处理老龄养猪废水发生堵塞过程中的光谱学特征和微生物多样性。试验在一个小试规模的土壤渗滤系统中进行,反应器为高50 cm、内径4 cm的有机玻璃管,底部设置采样口,其中填充北京市顺义区试验基地内表层土,废水自上而下流经系统。三维荧光光谱分析表明,系统完全堵塞之前,经过处理之后,溶解性有机物(DOM)转变为类富里酸,而当系统发生了堵塞,DOM的组成基本不变,只有进水中原本存在的类蛋白峰发生了微弱的红移,有发生转化的趋势,荧光峰的相对强度减弱,表明DOM的浓度减小。红外光谱分析表明,进出水DOM主要成分为糖类、酚类、脂类、有机酸及芳香类有机物。紫外-可见光谱分析表明,堵塞前、堵塞时及堵塞后系统对DOM的去除率分别为17.26%,37.24%和48.08%,堵塞的发生对去除有色DOM浓度是有利的,并且出水中大分子苯环结构减少。反应器发生堵塞时,下层土壤样品微生物多样性大于上层,细菌的群落多样性大于真菌的群落多样性。土壤样品中纲一级的主要优势细菌为Actinobacteria放线菌纲和Alphaproteobacteriaα-变形菌纲的菌群,主要优势真菌为Sordariomycetes粪壳菌纲和Eurotiomycetes散囊菌纲的菌群。研究结果可以为解决土壤渗滤堵塞问题提供科学依据,提高土壤渗滤推广应用范围。

Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy(3D-EEMs),infrared spectroscopy,ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and high-throughput sequencing were used to study the spectral characteristics and microbial diversity during the clogging process of soil infiltration treatment of aged swine wastewater.The experiment was carried out in a pilot scale soil infiltration system.Before the system was completely blocked,DOM was converted to fulvic acid after treatment.When the system was blocked,the composition of DOM remained basically unchanged,but the original protein-like peaks in the influent had a weak red shift,a trend of transformation,and the relative intensity of fluorescence peaks decreased,indicating that the concentration of DOM decreased.The main components of DOM were carbohydrates,phenols,lipids,organic acids and aromatic organic compounds.The occurrence of clogging was beneficial to the removal of colored DOM concentration,and the macromolecular benzene ring structure in the effluent decreases.When the reactor was blocked,the microbial diversity of the lower soil samples was greater than that of the upper soil samples,and the bacterial community diversity was greater than that of the fungi community.Actinobacteria and Alpha haproteobacteria alpha-proteus were the dominant bacteria,and the dominant fungi were Sordariomycetes and Eurotiomycetes.