轻度认知功能障碍患者的语义记忆损害与神经调控

Semantic memory impairment and neuroregulation in patients with mild cognitive impairment

背景:阿尔茨海默病是一种进行性神经系统退化疾病,以认知下降为主要特点。认知力下降会导致老年人逐渐失去自我照料的能力,影响日常生活和活动。轻度认知障碍作为阿尔茨海默病的前驱状态,尽早对轻度认知障碍进行诊断和治疗,对预防阿尔茨海默病发展有重大的意义。目的:针对轻度认知障碍语义记忆障碍评估与治疗的发展及未来前景做一综述。方法:应用计算机在Pub Med、Web of Science和中国知网、万方等数据库检索轻度认知障碍语义记忆评估、治疗的相关研究,检索关键词为"mild cognitive impairment,semantic memory impairment,semantic memory deficit,语义记忆,轻度认知功能障碍,轻度认知损害",检索时间为2009年1月至2019年11月。结果与结论:语义记忆障碍为轻度认知障碍的主要临床症状之一,有一定的特异性。目前有不同类型的记忆量表可作为轻度认知障碍语义记忆障碍的神经心理学测量,颞叶、额叶和前运动区可能参与语义记忆环路。针对性的语义记忆神经生理学及辅助检查,靶向进行语义记忆康复训练,可利于早期识别轻度认知障碍的发生与转化。

BACKGROUND:Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurological degenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline.Cognitive decline can make the elderly gradually losing their self-care ability,which eventually affects daily life and activities.Mild cognitive impairment is a precursor state of Alzheimer’s disease,and to diagnose and treat mild cognitive impairment as soon as possible has great significance in preventing the development of Alzheimer’s disease.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the development and future prospects of the assessment and treatment of semantic memory disorders due to mild cognitive impairment.METHODS:A computer-based retrieval of PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI,and WanFang was performed for related studies on the evaluation and treatment of mild cognitive impairment in semantic memory.The keywords were"mild cognitive impairment,semantic memory impairment,semantic memory deficit"in English and Chinese,respectively.The retrieval time was from January 2009 to November 2019.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Semantic memory disorder is one of the main clinical symptoms of mild cognitive impairment,and has certain specificity.At present,there are different types of memory scales that can be used as neurophysiological measures of semantic memory disorder due to mild cognitive impairment.The temporal lobe,frontal lobe,and premotor region may participate in the semantic memory loop.Targeted semantic memory neurophysiology and auxiliary examinations,and targeted semantic memory rehabilitation training can be helpful for early identification of the occurrence and transformation of mild cognitive impairment.