语前聋儿童佩戴助听器后塞音发音特点

The Characteristics of Stop Pronunciation of Hearing-impaired Children with Hearing Aids

目的分析听力障碍患儿佩戴助听器后塞音的发音特点。方法以佩戴助听器的语前聋患儿30例(助听器组)和健听儿童30例(健听组)为研究对象,年龄3~6岁(分为3~、4~、5~6岁组,每组2类儿童各10例),日常均使用汉语普通话交流,具备一定的发音能力。以塞音词表进行测试,分析两组儿童塞音(/b/、/d/、/g/、/p/、/t/、/k/)的发音正确率和错误类型,分析不同生理年龄、助听时间与发音正确率的关系。结果助听器组儿童塞音发音的正确率从高到低为/b/>/d/>/g/>/k/>/t/>/p/,健听组儿童塞音发音的正确率从高到低依次为/b/>/g/>/k/>/p/>/d/>/t/;健听组儿童塞音/b/、/g/、/k/、/t/、/p/的正确率显著高于助听器组儿童(P<0.05)。助听组儿童发音错误规律包括:①发音方法相同的音互相替代,如不送气塞音的互相替代和送气塞音的互相替代;②发音部位相同的音互相替代;③发音方法和发音部位不同的替代,如:塞音擦音化,塞音塞擦音化,不送气化。4~、5~6岁组听障儿童塞音/g/、/p/、/k/发音的正确率明显高于3~岁组(P<0.05),助听器佩戴时间大于2年的听障儿童塞音/p/、/t/发音的正确率明显高于小于2年的儿童(P<0.05)。结论听障儿童塞音发音清晰度落后于健听组儿童,生理年龄、听觉干预的时间对听障儿童部分塞音发音的正确率有影响,需进行积极的干预和有针对性的康复训练。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of stop phonetic pronunciation in hearing-impaired children with hearing aids.Methods A total of 30 hearing-impaired children with hearing aids and 30 normal-hearing children of 3~6 years old received the stop pronunciation test,with certain pronunciation ability and daily communication in Mandarin Chinese.The pronunciation accuracy and error types of stops(/b/、/d/、/g/、/p/、/t/、/k/)of children in two groups,as well as the relationship of pronunciation accuracy between hearing-impaired children with different physiological ages and hearing ages were studied.Results The stop pronunciation accuracy of hearing-impaired children was:/b/>/d/>/g/>/k/>/t/>/p/,while in normal-hearing children was:/b/>/g/>/k/>/p/>/d/>/t/.The pronunciation accuracy of stop/b/,/g/,/k/,/t/,/p/in normal-hearing children was significantly higher than that of in hearing-impaired children(P<0.05).The stop articulation errors of hearing-impaired children included:①mutual substitution of stops with same articulation manner,such as mutual substitution between unaspirated stops or mutual substitution between aspirated stops.②Mutual substitution of stops with same articulation place.③Substitution of stops with different articulation manners and articulation places.Physiological age and time of auditory intervention had significant effects on pronunciation accuracy of some type of stops in hearing-impaired children.The pronunciation accuracy of stop/g/,/p/,/k/in the 4~,5~6 year old group was significantly higher than that of in the 3~6 year old group(P<0.05),and the pronunciation accuracy of stop/p/,/t/in the hearing-impaired children who had worn hearing aids more than 2 years was significantly higher than that of in the children who had worn hearing aids less than 2 years(P<0.05).Conclusion The articulation of stop pronunciation in hearing-impaired children were poorer than that of in normal-hearing children.Speech development of hearing-impaired children is affected by many factors,thus needs active intervention and targeted rehabilitation training.