海南省五指山市青少年屈光不正的流行病学研究

Myopia among Children in Wuzhishan City of Hainan Province

【目的】了解海南省五指山市青少年儿童的近视现状,分析相关的影响因素,为近视防控提供依据。【方法】横断面研究。采用整群抽样的方法抽取海南省五指山市16所中小学、8所幼儿园青少年儿童共17948人,有效调查15307人,应答率85.29%。对纳入对象接受视力、裂隙灯,非睫状肌麻痹下电脑验光检查。采用卡方检验比较年级、民族及性别间近视眼检出率的差异。【结果】幼儿园及学前班、小学低年级(1~3年级)、小学高年级(4~6年级)、初中、高中的近视检出率分别为:1.8%,9.6%,17.7%,28.5%,57.1%,各年级近视检出率呈上升趋势(χ^2=1707.74,P<0.001)。幼儿园汉族与黎族及苗族之间近视检出率无明显差异(χ^2=2.221,P=0.426),小学低年级到初中3个民族之间近视检出率存在差异(χ^2=28.908,6.502,19.684,P<0.001,0.039,<0.001);高中近视检出率3者之间无统计学差异(χ^2=1.197,P=0.550)。女生的近视检出率高于男生(χ^2=214.19,P<0.001),女生近视的机会是男生的2.71倍(OR=2.71,P<0.001)。【结论】五指山市青少年儿童总体近视检出率为18.4%,近视检出率随年龄的增加不断增加,其中汉族与黎族、苗族青少年儿童的近视检出率在幼儿园和高中无明显差异,女生的近视检出率明显高于男生。

【Objective】To investigate the prevalence of myopia in children from kindergarten to high school in Wuzhishan city,Hainan province,and to investigate the associated factors.【Methods】Cross-sectional study.A total of 17948 children from 24 educational agencies(including 8 kindergartens and 16 primary and middle schools)were included in the study using cluster sampling method.Totally 15307 children were actually surveyed,with a response rate of 85.29%.All participants underwent ophthalmic evaluation including visual acuity,slit lamp examination and refraction without cycloplegia using auto refractor.Chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence of myopia between different grades,regions and between gender.【Results】The prevalence of myopia in kindergarten,grade1-3 in primary school,grade 4-6 in primary school,junior high school and high school was:1.8%,9.6%,17.7%,28.5%,57.1%respectively,which showed an obvious increasing tendency(χ^2=1707.74,P<0.001).There was no statistical significant differences in myopic prevalence between Han,Li and Miao ethnic groups in kindergarten(χ^2=2.221,P=0.426)and high school(χ^2=1.197,P=0.550),but there was a differences in myopic prevalence between the three ethnic groups from grade 1-3 of primary school to junior high school(χ^2=28.908,6.502,19.684,P=0.000,0.039,0.000).The prevalence of myo?pia among girls was higher than that of boys(χ^2=214.19,P<0.001),and the chance of short-sightedness in girls was 2.71 times than that of boys(OR=2.71,P<0.001).【Conclusions】The overall myopic prevalence of children in Wuzhis?han City was 18.4%,and the prevalence of myopia increased with age.No significant difference of myopic prevalence was found among Han,Li and Miao ethnics in kindergarten and high school,and the myopic prevalence among girls was significantly higher than that of boys.