法国白羽番鸭和福建黑羽番鸭生长曲线及肉用性能比较分析

Growth curves and meat performance of France Muscovy duck and Fujian black Muscovy duck

【目的】探究法国白羽番鸭和福建黑羽番鸭在生长发育规律、屠宰性能及肌纤维特性上的差异,为番鸭品种资源开发利用及优质肉鸭选育提供参考依据。【方法】选取同批次孵出的1日龄法国白羽番鸭和福建黑羽番鸭各200羽进行饲养,公母各半,采用Logistic和Gompertz两种非线性生长曲线模型拟合番鸭的生长曲线,并通过表型与组织形态学相结合的办法对两个番鸭品种的生长性能和肉用性能进行比较。【结果】除了法国白羽公番鸭在10周龄仍处于生长高峰外,其他番鸭的生长高峰均出现在6~9周龄。两种非线性生长曲线模型均能较好地模拟番鸭的生长情况,其拟合度(R2)在0.990以上,但总体上以Gompertz模型的拟合效果略优于Logistic模型。在屠宰性能上,两个番鸭品种的屠宰率均在86.00%以上,全净膛率均在71.00%以上。其中,福建黑羽母番鸭的屠宰率和腿肌率显著高于法国白羽母番鸭(P<0.05,下同),半净膛率极显著高于法国白羽母番鸭(P<0.01,下同),而屠体重、腹脂率、胸肌率和瘦肉率均极显著低于法国白羽母番鸭;福建黑羽公番鸭的活重、屠体重、腹脂率、胸肌率和瘦肉率显著或极显著低于法国白羽公番鸭。从肌纤维特性来看,随着周龄的增长,两个番鸭品种的胸肌、腿肌纤维直径均呈逐渐增加趋势,而肌纤维密度呈逐渐降低趋势。至10周龄时,两个番鸭品种的胸肌纤维直径和密度无显著差异(P>0.05),且均表现为公番鸭的胸肌纤维直径显著小于母番鸭,肌纤维密度显著高于母番鸭;法国白羽公番鸭的腿肌纤维直径显著大于母番鸭,而腿肌纤维密度显著低于母番鸭,福建黑羽公番鸭的腿肌纤维直径极显著小于法国白羽公番鸭,纤维密度则显著高于法国白羽公番鸭。【结论】鉴于法国白羽番鸭和福建黑羽番鸭各自的优势,在今后的优质肉鸭杂交改良中可将法国白羽番鸭作为父本,福建黑羽番鸭作为母本。

【Objective】The objective of the present study was to compare the differences in growth regulation,slaughter performance and muscle fibers characteristic of France Muscovy duck and Fujian black Muscovy duck to provide reference for development of Muscovy duck breeds and breeding of high-quality meat ducks.【Method】Each of 200 one-dayold ducklings(half male and half female)from France Muscovy ducks and Fujian black Muscovy ducks were fed in this work.Logistic and Gompertz nonlinear curves models were used to fit the growth curve of Muscovy ducks,and phenotype and histomorphology were combined to compare the growth and meat performance of France Muscovy duck and Fujian black Muscovy duck.【Result】The results showed that the weight of Fujian black Muscovy duck and female France Muscovy duck reached the peak at 6-9 weeks,except that the weight of male France Muscovy duck reached the peak at 10 weeks.The Logistic and Gompertz models were well fitted for the growth curves of Muscovy ducks,with more than 0.990 fitting degree(R2).The Gompertz model had generally better fitness than Logistic model.In terms of slaughter performance,the the dressing percentages of the two breeds were above 86.00%,and eviscerated rates were over 71.00%.The dressing percentage and leg muscle rate of females Fujian black Muscovy duck were significantly higher than female France Muscovy duck(P<0.05,the same below),and semi-eviscerated rate was extremely higher than female France Muscovy duck(P<0.01,the same below),but its carcass weight,abdominal fat rate,breast muscle rate and lean rate were extremely lower than female France Muscovy duck.The live weight,carcass weight,abdominal fat rate,breast muscle rate and lean rate of male Fujian black Muscovy duck were significantly or extremely lower than male France Muscovy duck.In terms of fiber characters,as week age prolonged,breast muscle fiber and leg muscle fiber diameters of the two breeds increased gradually,but the muscle fiber density gradually decreased.Till 10 weeks age,the breast muscle fiber diameter and density between the two breeds had no significant difference(P>0.05).And the breast muscle fiber diameter of male ducks was significantly smaller than female,and muscle fiber density of males was significantly larger than females.The leg muscle fiber diameter of male France Muscovy ducks were significantly smaller than female ducks,and leg muscle fiber density were significantly smaller than female ducks.The leg muscle fiber diameter of male Fujian black Muscovy ducks was significantly smaller than that of France Muscovy ducks,and the fiber density was significantly higher than that of France Muscovy ducks.【Conclusion】Taking the advantages of France Muscovy ducks and Fujian black Muscovy ducks into consideration,the France Muscovy ducks could be used as male parent and Fujian black Muscovy ducks could be used as the female parent in the hybrid of high-quality meat ducks.