贵州省典型中药制药企业VOCs排放特征与健康风险评估

Emission Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of VOCs in Typical Pharmaceutical Enterprises in Guizhou Province

中药材原料在醇提、发酵、醇沉等环节气体间的相互反应生成的挥发性有机气体(VOCs)对环境和人体健康产生影响。本研究采用SUMMA罐采样-二级冷阱浓缩-GC/MS方法,研究了贵州省典型中药制药企业在提取、浓缩阶段VOCs的排放特征,对比分析了西药企业产排VOCs污染水平,并进行了健康风险评估。结果表明:中药、西药制药企业分别检测出64和106种挥发性有机气体,总挥发性有机气体(TVOCs)浓度为56.45~1361.66 g/m^3;中药制药企业主要物质为二氯化碳、环己烷、1,2-二氯乙烷,以烷烃、含氧有机物和恶臭类物质为主,占比76.42%,西药制药企业主要物质有二氯甲烷、丙酮、甲苯,异戊烷,烷烃和苯系物占比达到83.72%;中、西制药企业致癌风险值均介于1×10^-6~1×10^-4之间,具有潜在致癌风险,与西药企业相比,中药企业非致癌风险指数较小;中药制药产排VOCs的OFP在2.93~33.54 g/m^3之间,芳香烃(甲苯)是中药制药产生的VOCs中对臭氧生成贡献最大的关键活性组分。

VOCs produced from organic solvents and reactions between the gases of alcohol extraction and fermentation of raw medicinal materials in pharmaceutical industries do serious damage to environment and human health.In this study,SUMMA tank sampling-secondary cold trap concentration-GC/MS method was employed to analyze the characteristics of VOCs from typical medicine pharmaceutical companies in Guizhou Province,and the health assessment was conducted.The results show that 64 and 106 volatile organic gases were detected in the Chinese medicine pharmaceutical company and the western medicine pharmaceutical company,with the average concentration of TVOCs are 56.45~1361.66 g/m^3.Main VOCs emitted from Chinese medicine company were carbon dichloride,cyclohexane,1,2-dichloroethane,mainly dominated by alkane,oxygenated organic matter and malodorous substances,accounting for 76.42%.Otherwise,the main pollutants from western pharmaceutical companie were dichloromethane,acetone,toluene and isopentane,alkanes and benzenes accounting for 83.72%.The risk of cancer values of VOCs in Chinese and Western pharmaceutical companies ranged between 1×10^-6~1×10^-4,indicating potential cancer risks.Compared with western medicine companies,the non-carcinogenic risk value of Chinese medicine companies is smaller.The OFP of VOCs emitted by Chinese medicine pharmaceutical enterprise is between 2.93~33.54 g/m^3.Aromatic hydrocarbons(toluene)are the key active components that contribute most to ozone generation in VOCs produced by Chinese medicine pharmaceutical enterprise.