医疗人工智能侵权责任法律问题研究

Tort Liability in the Perspective of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

随着人工智能在医疗领域的广泛应用,由其引发的侵权案件数量逐年递增,但现阶段人工智能主客体定位尚不明晰、侵权事实与法律规范涵摄失灵,相关侵权责任认定陷入困境。单独适用产品责任、医疗技术损害责任抑或高度危险责任,均无法为医疗人工智能侵权责任提供准确的归责模型。应在肯定医疗人工智能法律客体地位的基础上,对现行法律进行最小化与程序化改造,从而通过适用经过改造的产品责任、医疗损害责任与个别适用高度危险责任完成医疗人工智能侵权责任的承担,以期实现"善治"与"善智"的良性互构。

With the wide application of artificial intelligence in the medical field,the number of infringement cases shows a rising trend.However,the legal status of artificial intelligence is not clear,and there is no effective legal subsumtion between torts and legal provisions,so it is difficult to determine the bearing of tort liability.Furthermore,the exclusive application of product liability,liability for medical malpractice of technology and liability for ultrahazardous activities respectively fail to provide accurate liability fixation models.The way to solve the above problems and to realize the harmonious relationship between the“good governance”and the“good intelligence”is to modify current legal provisions minimally and procedurally on the basis of affirming the status of legal objectivity of artificial intelligence in medicine and to complete the distribution of the tort liability of artificial intelligence in medicine by the application of transformed product liability,liability for medical malpractice and liability for ultrahazardous activities.