陕西省渭南市水产品及淡水养殖环境中致病性弧菌污染状况及病原学特征分析

Contamination Surveillance and Pathogenic Characteristics Analysis of Pathogenic Vibrio Species in Aquatic Products and Freshwater Aquaculture Environment in Weinan City of Shaanxi Province

目的了解渭南市水产品及淡水养殖环境中致病性弧菌的污染状况及病原学特征,为食品安全风险评估提供基础数据。方法参照陕西省食品微生物及致病因子监测工作手册及淡水鱼养殖环节中常见弧菌专项监测工作手册进行样品的采集及致病性弧菌的检测。结果434份水产品及淡水养殖环境样品中共检出致病性弧菌177株,总检出率40.78%;其中霍乱弧菌检出率最高(35.53%),其次为副溶血性弧菌(5.53%)。不同种类样品中淡水鱼致病性弧菌检出率最高(57.93%),其次为淡水鱼存养水体(42.59%)和淡水养殖场水底沉积物(40.62%)。不同采样环节中采自养殖环节的样品中致病性弧菌的检出率最高(48.21%),其次为流通环节(17.24%)。检出的140株霍乱弧菌均为非O1群和非O139群霍乱弧菌;副溶血性弧菌trh毒力基因的检出率为45.83%。结论渭南市水产品及淡水养殖环境中存在不同程度的致病性弧菌污染,非O1/O139群霍乱弧菌和副溶血性弧菌是污染水产品样品的主要致病菌,淡水养殖环节中的水产品是遭受致病性弧菌污染的高危样品。

Objective To investigate the contamination status and pathogenic features of pathogenic Vibrio species in aquatic products and freshwater aquaculture environment so as to provide fundamental data for food safety risk evaluation.Methods Samples were collected and tested for pathogenic Vibrios according to the manual for surveillance of microorganisms and pathogenic factors in food and the manual for special surveillance of common Vibrio species in freshwater fish aquaculture in Shaanxi Province.Results A total of 177 pathogenic Vibrios isolates were detected from 434 aquatic products and freshwater aquaculture environment samples,and the total detection rate was 40.78%;the detection rate of Vibrio cholerae was the highest(35.53%),followed by Vibrio parahaemolyticus(5.53%).Among different samples,the detection rate of pathogenic Vibrios in freshwater fish was the highest(57.93%),followed by water of freshwater aquaculture plants(42.59%)and benthic deposits of plants(40.62%).Among different sampling links,the detection rate of pathogenic Vibrios was the highest in freshwater aquaculture(48.21%),followed by the circulation link(17.24%).All of the 140 Vibrio cholerae isolates detected were in non-O1/O139 groups;the detection rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus with trh virulence gene was 45.83%.Conclusion There exist different degrees of pathogenic Vibrios contamination in aquatic products and freshwater aquaculture environment in Weinan city,non-O1/O139 group Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus are the main pathogenic bacteria contaminating aquatic product samples,and aquatic products of freshwater aquaculture are high-risk samples contaminated by pathogenic Vibrios.