2018年四川省法定传染病流行特征分析

Analysis on Epidemic Characteristics of Notifiable Infectious Diseases in Sichuan Province in 2018

目的分析四川省2018年法定传染病流行特征,为制定防制措施提供依据。方法根据传染病报告管理信息系统中的数据,对2018年四川省甲乙丙类传染病发病情况进行描述性分析。结果2018年四川省通过传染病网络直报系统报告甲乙丙法定管理传染病2类31种,报告发病率、死亡率、病死率分别为428.87/10万、4.98/10万和1.16%。甲乙类传染病报告发病数居前5位的病种依次为:肺结核、乙肝、梅毒、艾滋病和丙肝。丙类传染病报告发病数居前3位的病种依次为:手足口病、其他感染性腹泻病和流行性腮腺炎。从发病数月分布情况来看,甲乙类传染病中,肠道传染病发病高峰为6-8月,自然疫源性疾病及虫媒传染病发病高峰在7-8月份,呼吸道传染病、血源及性传播传染病无明显发病高峰,丙类传染病发病高峰为7-10月。甲乙类发病以农民、家务及待业人员为主;丙类发病以散居儿童、幼托儿童和学生为主。结论甲乙类和丙类主要疾病谱、高发地区、高发人群、时间分布等流行病学特征与往年大致相同。应加强对新发及再发传染病的监测。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious disease in Sichuan Province in 2018.Methods According to the data of the National Notifiable Communicable Disease Reporting System,descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data of reported notifiable infectious diseases in Sichuan Province in 2018.Results A total of 31 kinds of class A,B and C notifiable infectious diseases were reported in Sichuan province.The annual reported incidence rate of those notifiable infectious diseases was 428.87/105,the annual mortality rate was 4.98/105,and the annual fatality rate of notifiable infectious diseases was 1.16%.The top5 kinds of reported Class A and Class B communicable diseases were pulmonary tuberculosis,hepatitis B,Syphilis,AIDS and hepatitis C.The top 3 kinds of reported Class C communicable diseases were hand-foot-mouth disease,other infectious diarrheal diseases and mumps.As for the month distribution of Class A and B infectious diseases,the incidence peak of intestinal infectious diseases is from June to August,and the incidence peak of natural and insect-borne infectious diseases is from July to August.However,there is no obvious incidence peak of respiratory infectious diseases and blood-borne and sexually transmitted infectious diseases.The peak incidence of class C infectious diseases is from July to October.The Class A and B infectious diseases mainly occurred in peasants,household workers and unemployed persons,whereas Class C infectious diseases mainly occurred in scattered children,kindergartens and students.Conclusion The epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious disease(i.e.,the high-risk areas,the high-risk population and the time distribution)are similar to those of notifiable infectious disease in previous years.The surveillance of new and recurrent infectious diseases should be strengthened.