皖北石灰岩山地不同植被恢复模式对植物群落物种组成及多样性的影响

Effects of vegetation restoration on the species composition and diversity of plant communities in the limestone mountains in northern Anhui Province

通过研究皖北石灰岩山地生态系统的植被群落,分析不同植被恢复群落的组成、结构、多样性和生活型组成,进而阐明石灰岩山地生态系统植被恢复模式对群落结构特征以及植物物种多样性的影响。结果表明:研究区有54种植物,隶属26科54属。侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)+构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)人工混交林有植物种类16科26种,分别占总数的61.5%和48.1%。酸枣(Ziziphus jujuba var.spinosa)+牡荆(Vitex negundo var.cannabifolia)灌丛和荩草(Arthraxon hispidus)+牡荆草灌丛植物种类分别为32和33种,分别占调查总物种数的59.3%和61.1%。不同植被恢复群落生活型也有差异。侧柏+构树人工混交林群落高位芽植物占优势,而酸枣+牡荆灌丛和荩草+牡荆草灌丛则以地面芽植物所占比例较大。分析表明,多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数均表现为侧柏+构树混交林>酸枣+牡荆灌丛>荩草+牡荆草灌丛,但物种丰富度表现为荩草+牡荆草灌丛>酸枣+牡荆灌丛>侧柏+构树混交林。Sörensen较高值出现在酸枣+牡荆灌丛与侧柏+构树混交林和荩草+牡荆草灌丛之间,侧柏+构树混交林与荩草+牡荆草灌丛Sörensen多样性值较低。研究结果表明,石灰岩山地独特的地貌特征和人工植被恢复对植物群落组成、多样性及其生活型组成产生重要影响。

In order to assess the effect of ecological afforestation patterns on the vegetation structure and botanical composition of a typical rocky mountain area in northern Anhui Province,the vegetation community structure,species diversity,and life-form composition were surveyed and analyzed via ecological survey and mathematical analysis.The results showed that there were 54 species of plants in the present research areas,belonging to 26 families and 54 genera.The artificial mixed forest of Platycladus orientalis and Broussonetia papyrifera possessed(MFPB)16 families and 26 species,occupying 61.5%and 48.4%of the total families and species.The shrubs Ziziphus jujuba var.spinosa and V.negundo var.cannabifolia(SZV)and the grass-shrubs Arthraxon hispidus and V.negundo var.cannabifolia(GSAV)had 32 and 33 species,respectively,which take up 59.3%and 61.1%in all species.Plant life-form composition varied in the different vegetation communities,phanphytes(Ph)was most dominant component in the artificial mixed forest of MFPB,while the second dominant one was chamaephytes(Ch)in ZV and the grass-shrub of AV.The species diversity analysis indicated that,Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson evenness index represented MFPB>SZV>GSAV,and the species richness was in the order of GFAV>SZV>MFPB.The higher value of Sörense was found between ZV and PB,as well as ZV and AV,and the AV hade the lower value of Sörensen.The distinctive landscape characteristics,anthropogenic disturbance and afforestation have important influence on the plant community assembly,diversity and life-form composition.