祁连山东段不同植物群落的特征及生物量分配

Study on the community characteristics and biomass allocation of different vegetation in the Eastern Qilian Mountains

为明晰不同植物群落特征及生物量分配结构,以祁连山东段高山灌丛及草地群落为研究对象,采用样地法对6种不同植物群落进行野外调查以及室内分析研究。结果表明:研究区内共计有草本植物22科55属91种,灌丛植物3科4属6种;不同灌丛植物群落密度、盖度、物种数等特征有显著差异(P<0.05),不同草地植物群落的密度、盖度、物种数等特征差异不显著(P>0.05)。草地植物群落地上生物量间无显著差异(P>0.05),地下生物量表现为阳坡柳(Salix)灌丛草地<阴坡杜鹃(Rhododendron capitatum)灌丛草地,且二者间有显著差异(P<0.05);灌丛地上生物量阳坡柳灌丛>阴坡杜鹃灌丛,地下生物量阳坡柳灌丛<阴坡杜鹃灌丛,且不同灌丛群落之间地上、地下生物量均有显著差异(P<0.05)。不同植物群落灌丛地上生物量均随着灌丛高度的增加而增加,表现为线性关系。可见,研究区不同植物群落受气候、环境的以及物种分布的共同影响,从而形成差异显著的植物群落特征及生物量分配结构。该结果为祁连山东段高寒灌丛草地群落生产力估测以及植被资源的合理开发利用提供了理论参考。

In order to clarify the community characteristics and biomass distribution of different plant communities,the alpine shrub and grassland communities of the Eastern Qilian Mountains were investigated in the field and analyzed in the laboratory.A sample plot survey method was used to study six different plant communities.The results showed that there were 91 species of grass plants in the study area belonging to 22 families and 55 genera and 6 species of shrub plants belonging to 3 families and 4 genera.There were significant differences in density,coverage,and species number among the different shrub communities(P<0.05)but no significant differences in density,coverage,or species number among the different grassland communities(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the aboveground biomass of grasses among the different plant communities,and the biomass of grasses of the willow shrub grassland on sunny slopes was lower than that of the Rhododendron shrub grassland on shady slopes.There were significant differences among the different plant communities(P<0.05).The aboveground biomass of the willow shrub community on sunny slopes was higher than that of the Rhododendron shrub community on shady slopes.The underground biomass of the willow shrub community on sunny slopes was lower than that of the Rhododendron shrub community on shady slopes.There were significant differences in the aboveground and underground biomass among the different shrub communities(P<0.05).In different plant communities,shrub biomass increased with the increase in shrub height,which accorded a linear relationship.It can be seen that different plant communities are constrained by climate,environmental conditions,and species distributions,which results in significant differences in community characteristics and biomass distribution(P<0.05).The results provide a theoretical reference for estimating the productivity of alpine shrub grassland communities and the rational exploitation and utilization of vegetation resources in the Eastern Qilian Mountains.