长江下游农区金花菜叶蛋白提取工艺优化及关键参数特征

Optimization of leaf protein extraction process and key parameters of Medicago polymorpha in the agricultural areas of Lower Yangtze River

为改进和优化金花菜(Medicago polymorpha)叶蛋白提取的工艺环节,并提高叶蛋白提取率及提取物纯度等参数指标,本研究选择长江下游农区广泛种植的金花菜为原料,通过设置较为合理科学的料液比、提取温度、加热时间、pH以及提取剂(酸)种类进行叶蛋白提取单因素试验。结果表明:各单因素试验最佳参数分别为料液比1∶3、提取温度70℃、加热时间15 min、pH 4、提取剂(酸)为盐酸。基于清洁安全生产角度,选择了单因素试验中提取指标同样较高的柠檬酸作为提取剂,设置了料液比、pH及提取温度的3因素3水平响应面试验,发现影响叶蛋白提取率的因素依次为pH、提取温度、料液比。得到最佳提取工艺:料液比1∶3、pH 4.1、提取温度72℃,相应的叶蛋白提取率为49.63%,提取物纯度为56.87%。本研究优化的技术工艺及相关参数指标可为农区豆科草类植物多元化利用及叶蛋白工业化生产提供一定的技术支撑和相关借鉴。

The objective of this study was to improve and optimize the process of extracting leaf proteins from Medicago polymorpha and to improve the extraction rate of leaf proteins and extract purity.M.polymorpha was selected for this study and is widely cultivated in the agricultural areas of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River as a raw material.A single factor test for leaf protein extraction was carried out by setting a reasonable and scientific material-liquid ratio,extraction temperature,heating time,pH,and extractant(acid)type.The results showed that the optimal parameters of each single factor test were:1∶3 material-liquid ratio;70℃ extraction temperature;15 min heating time;pH 4.0;and a hydrochloric acid extractant.Based on the clean and safe production angle,citric acid with the same high extraction rate for the single factor test was selected as the extractant,and the 3 factors and 3 level responses of the surface test of the material-liquid ratio,pH,and extraction temperature were set.It was found that the extraction rate of leaf proteins was affected,and the order of these factors was pH,extraction temperature,and material-liquid ratio.The optimal extraction process was:1∶3 ratio of material to liquid,pH 4.1,72℃ extraction temperature,49.63% leaf protein extraction rate,and a 56.87% extract purity rate.The optimized technical process and related parameter indicators of this experiment can provide certain technical support and related references for the diversified utilization of leguminous plants in agricultural areas and the industrial production of leaf proteins.