激光衍射法测定土壤粒径分布的研究进展

Research Advance in Determing Soil Particle Size Distribution by Laser Diffraction Method

常见的土壤粒径分布测试手段有筛分法、沉降法(包括吸管法和密度计法)、激光衍射法等。近年来,由于激光衍射法分析土壤粒径分布具有操作简单、效率高、测试样品用量小、适合批量样品测定的特点,其在土壤粒径分布的测定中得到越来越广泛的应用。本文介绍了激光衍射法测定土壤粒径分布的基本原理和分析方法,综述了该技术在测定土壤粒径分析方面的国内外研究进展,重点分析了激光衍射法测定土壤粒径分布的影响因素,并对激光衍射法测定土壤粒径分布的应用前景进行了展望。研究表明,激光衍射法通过转换方程可以获得精确的结果。在保证足够大的样本量、土壤样本包含多种质地类型,且完善的前处理条件下,可以建立稳定的、适用于大范围预测的模型。激光衍射法测定土壤粒径分布虽然受到一些因素的影响,例如前处理方法、仪器设置以及样品用量等,但是激光粒度仪为粒度测定提供了高效快速的技术手段,为精准农业和数字农业的发展提供了先进的技术支撑。

Current methods in measuring soil particle size distribution(PSD)include sieving method,sedimentation method(including pipette method and densitometer method),laser diffraction(LD)method,and so on.In recent years,due to the advantages of simple operation,high efficiency,small amount of test samples and suitability for batch sample determination,LD method has been widely applicated in analyzing soil PSD.This article introduced the basic principle and analysis method of soil PSD by LD method,and reviewed the research advance and influence factors of LD method.Researches indicate LD method can obtain more accurate results.A stable prediction model for large scale can be established on condition of enough sample size,many diffrernt soil texture types,and feasible pretreatment methods.Although some influence factors can influence the accuracy of LD method,such as pretreatment methods,instrument settings,amount of test sample and so on,LD method provides an efficient and quick technological means for soil PSD determination and advanced technical support for precise agriculture and digital agriculture.