秸秆覆盖对坡地红壤养分流失及烤烟质量的影响

Effects of Straw Mulching on Nutrient Loss from Red Soil and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco in Sloping Land

连续2 a采用野外径流小区观测的方式,研究了秸秆覆盖对坡地红壤养分流失和烤烟质量的影响。结果表明:随着秸秆覆盖量的增加,泥沙中有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾流失量随之减少,且秸秆覆盖处理显著低于对照(P<0.05),分别降低了53.97%~82.52%、61.49%~85.56%、44.69%~83.75%和52.52%~81.79%。与对照比较,秸秆覆盖处理径流中有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾流失量分别减少了59.94%~68.24%、45.97%~61.16%、59.74%~62.63%和47.14%~54.29%。各处理土壤养分流失量与泥沙中养分流失量的变化趋势表现一致,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾流失量较对照分别降低了56.98%~79.79%、54.46%~77.00%、47.88%~80.93%和51.36%~75.78%。此外,土壤有机质、磷和钾多以泥沙形式流失为主,而氮素则以泥沙和径流共同流失为主。秸秆覆盖降低了烟叶总糖和还原糖含量,增加了烟碱、总氮、钾含量及评吸总分。土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾流失量与烟叶总糖和还原糖含量呈显著或极显著正相关,与烟碱和总氮含量呈显著或极显著负相关。以7500 kg/hm^2小麦秸秆量覆盖措施综合效益较好,可以应用于红壤坡地烤烟生产。

The effects of straw mulching on nutrient loss from red soil in sloping land and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied by field runoff plots for two years.The results showed that nutrient loss in sediment decreased with the straw amounts.Compared with CK(no straw mulching),straw mulching significantly reduced the loss of organic matter(OM),total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP)and total potassium(TK)in sediment by 53.97%-82.52%,61.49%-85.56%,44.69%-83.75%and 52.52%-81.79%,respectively(P<0.05),and OM,TN,TP and TK in runoff decreased by 59.94%-68.24%,45.97%-61.16%,59.74%-62.63%and 47.14%-54.29%,respectively.Nutrient loss tendency from soil was consistent with the change of nutrient content in sediment,and the losses of OM,TN,TP and TK from soil decreased respectively by 56.98%-79.79%,54.46%-77.00%,47.88%-80.93%and 51.36%-75.78%,compared with CK.In addition,the losses of OM,TP and TK mainly depended on sediment,the TN loss not only depended on sediment but also runoff.Straw mulching reduced the contents of total sugar and reducing sugar but increased the contents of nicotine,total nitrogen,potassium and sensory scores of tobacco leaves.The losses of OM,TN,TP and TK from soil were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the contents of total sugar and reducing sugar,and significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with the contents of nicotine and total nitrogen of tobacco leaves.7500 kg/hm^2 of straw amount is the best practice than others in this study,and which can be applied in tobacco production in red soil sloping land.