司法调解与治理变革--以陕甘宁边区基层司法档案为中心的考察

Judicial Mediation and Social Governance: A Research Based on the Local Judicial Archives in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region

司法调解是多元化纠纷解决机制的重要组成部分之一,而以陕甘宁边区为代表的革命根据地调解制度,则是当代中国司法调解的主要渊源。革命根据地的调解,不止是一项司法制度或者新型司法制度中的一个环节,它实质上更是一种治理模式,辅助革命政策的推行。通过荣誉、身份等象征资本重塑调解人,不断将革命伦理、法制融入新型调解规则体系之中,中国共产党借助司法调解,较好地实现了革命根据地社会治理模式的变革,有效消解了革命法制与社会旧俗之间的紧张关系,增进了普通民众对共产党政权的认同度。革命时期的调解尽管存在制度缺漏、行政导向等缺陷,但它对社会文化、习俗的娴熟运用,对社会组织、地方权威人物的组织吸纳,以及注重消弭社会冲突、维护邻里和睦的价值取向,实际上是中国共产党领导的治理变革在法治中的生动体现,也成为当下司法与社会治理可资取鉴的历史资源。

Judicial mediation is one form of alternative dispute resolution( ADR). Mediation in Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region is the main source of judicial mediation in contemporary China. Mediation in the Border Region was not only the judicial system or a part of a new judicial type,but also a model of governance. By reshaping the mediator through honor or identity,incorporating revolutionary ethics into mediation rules,the Chinese Communist Party changed the social governance model and reduced the tension between the revolutionary legal system and traditional customs. Mediation in the Border Region had some drawbacks,but also left a lot of important experiences: applying traditional customs into the local community,inviting the local elites to sever in social organizations,and letting values of community harmony to be embodied in the transform of legal governance. It also provides a valuable historical resource to the judicial system and social governance in contemporary China.