中立帮助行为的解构与重建

Deconstruction and Reconstruction of Neutral Help Behavior

不论是着眼于主观还是客观方面的现有学说,并没有为不可罚中立帮助行为的边界提供真正具有说服力的方案。中立性和日常性并不具有实质和独立的意义,中立帮助行为的核心特征在于职业性。但以职业领域为标准对中立帮助行为进行的类型化分析,只具备有限的意义,职业性不能成为帮助犯出罪的可靠理由。中立帮助行为只是对职业条件下帮助行为这一现象的事实性描述,无法成为一种刑法规范评价上的独立出罪事由。着眼于中立帮助行为这一现象范畴的概括性、混杂性和不确定性,应当放弃寻找一种统一正当化根据的做法,转而寻求多元标准,综合考虑风险创设、时空关联、行业规范和期待可能这四重因素,为各类中立帮助行为寻找具体化、个别化的刑法评价方案。

The boundary of the unpunishable neutral help behavior has always been a difficult problem. However,the existing theories,whether focused on subjective or objective aspects,do not provide a truly convincing solution. The neutrality and daily character do not have substantive and independent meanings for the neutral help behavior. The core feature of neutral help behavior is professionality,and its connotation is actually the help behavior under professional conditions. The type analysis of neutral help behaviors based on the professional field has only limited meaning,and professionality cannot be a reliable reason for decriminalization. Neutral help behavior is only a factual description of helping behavior under professional conditions,and cannot be an independent reason for decriminalization in normative evaluation. Focusing on the generalization,hybridity and uncertainty of the neutral help behavior,we should abandon the research for a unified justification basis,and instead seek multiple standards,which comprehensively considerate the creation of risk,the influence of time and space,the industry norms and the possibility for expectation,in order to find out the specific and individualized solutions for the evaluation of neutral help behaviors.