“康巴”变绿异燕麦新品种驯化选育研究

Study on domestication and breeding of Kangba H virescens Henr.

为了发掘和利用川西北高寒地区野生牧草资源优势,选育适应当地气候的优良牧草新品种。从2000年开始,对采集到的资源进行评价,发现变绿异燕麦(Helictotrichon virescens Henr.)返青早,长势优良。经过一次混合选择和连续两次驯化选育,选育材料在返青期、牧草产量、种子产量等方面基本趋于稳定、一致,构成了“康巴”变绿异燕麦(Helictotrichon virescens Henr.“Kangba”)(缩写为HHK,下同)新品系。经品种比较试验、国家草品种区域试验和生产试验,2015年通过国家草品种审定委员会审定登记(登记号为493),HHK成为国内首个登记的异燕麦属新品种。该品种耐寒性强,返青早,种子成熟早,年均干草产量为7.74 t/hm^-2,是川西北及青藏高原天然草地改良、人工草地建植优良草品种。

In order to explore and utilize the advantages of wild forage resources in the alpine region of Northwest Sichuan,new forage varieties adapted to the local climate were selected.From 2000,we evaluated the collected resources and found that the Helictotrichon(Helictotrichon virescens Henr.)returned to green early and grew well.After one mixed selection and two successive domestication breeding,the selected materials were basically stable and consistent in the aspects of green return period,forage yield,seed yield,etc.,forming a Helictotrichon.virescens Henr.“Kangba”(Abbreviated as HHK)new strain.Through product comparison test,regional test of national grass varieties and production,it passed the examination and registration of national grass variety Approval Committee(Registration No.493)in 2015,becoming the first registered new variety of helictotrichon in China.HHK has strong cold tolerance,early rejuvenation,early seed maturity and annual hay yield of 7.74t/hm^-2.It is an excellent grass variety for natural grassland improvement and artificial grassland construction in Northwest Sichuan and Qingzang Tibet Plateau.