批判与融合:儒佛关系视域中的佛教朱子学论略

Criticism and Integration:A Brief Account of Zhuzi Study in Buddhism from the Perspective of the Relationship between Confucianism and Buddhism

作为儒佛道三教融合在宋以后的突出代表,朱子学说中既有与佛学相一致的思想成分,因着朱熹个人强烈的辟佛立场,二者也有思想上相冲突的因素。正是这种冲突的因素构成了宋以后禅宗高僧批判朱子学的关键性条件,也是佛教朱子学得以展开的逻辑起点。禅门高僧的批判主要集中在朱子的门户意识、佛学素养、儒佛之异这些有碍双方融合的思想立场方面。对于佛教而言,批判不是目的,批判是为了厘清认知、消除偏见,进而为儒佛的全面融合扫除思想、认识上的障碍。这种以批判求融合的方式对于形成佛禅自身的儒学观或者说朱子学立场而言,具有鲜明的佛教思想特色,对于建构佛教朱子学也有着极为重要的理论意义。

As a prominent representative of the integration of Confucianism,Buddhism,and Taoism after the Song Dynasty,Zhuzi study has ideological elements consistent with Buddhism as well as ideological conflicts with it due to Zhu Xi's strong opposition of Buddhism.It is precisely this conflict factor that constitutes the key condition for eminent Zen monks to criticize Zhuzi study after the Song Dynasty,and also the logical starting point for the development of the Buddhist Zhuzi study.The criticism of eminent Zen monks mainly focused on Zhuzi's portal consciousness,Buddhist literacy,and the differences between Confucianism and Buddhism,which hindered the integration of both sides.For Buddhism,criticism is not the purpose.Criticism is to clarify cognition,eliminate prejudice,and then remove ideological and cognitive obstacles for the full integration of Confucianism and Buddhism.This method of criticism for integration has distinct ideological Characteristics of Buddhist thought for the formation of Buddhist Zen's own Confucianism view or Zhuzi study's position,and also has great theoretical significance for the construction of the Buddhist Zhuzi study.