生态环境:公共财产还是公共利益?

Ecological Environment:Public Property or Public Interest

吕忠梅课题组所提出的“应在民法典物权编明确生态环境的公共财产地位”的看法虽然为如何保护生态环境提供了一个新的视角,但该观点显然混淆了生态环境和自然资源的概念,从而导致其不但在理论上无法自洽,而且在实践中无法予以落实。生态环境作为一个复合的生态系统,人安身立命之境,其不是也不应该成为任何给定的所有者的财产。生态环境不是传统民法意义上的“物”,而是具有超越了“物”的更高价值。对于生态环境在民法中的地位,环境公益诉讼的相关理论已经作出了清晰的回答,即生态环境系社会公共利益的一种形态,属于民事客体范畴。因此,民法典物权编无需再叠床架屋给予生态环境以公共财产的名分。

Lv Zhongmei research group proposed that the public property status of the ecological environment should be clarified in the real right volume of Civil Code.Though it provides a new perspective for the protection of the ecological environment,this view confuses the concepts of ecological environment and natural resources,which leads to the inconsistency in theory and infeasibility in practice as well.The ecological environment which people live in is a compound ecosystem,so it is not and should not be any given property of the owner.The ecological environment is not the thing in the sense of traditional civil law,but has a higher value that surpasses the"thing".As for the status of the ecological environment in civil law,the relevant theories of environmental public interest litigation have given a clear answer that the ecological environment is a form of social public interest,which belongs to the category of civil object.Therefore,the real right volume of Civil Code does not need to repeatedly give the ecological environment the title of public property.