洲际滑翔飞行器天基红外探测的信噪比分析

Analysis of signal-to-noise ratio for space-based infrared detection of intercontinental glide vehicles

洲际滑翔飞行器(IGV)在超高速飞行过程中,由于气动加热严重,红外辐射显著.我们的分析和计算表明,美国正在试验部署的空间探测和监视系统(STSS)对于IGV的红外探测信噪比,在2.7μm附近的短波波段,达到10~3–10~5,而STSS跟踪和识别的红外探测信噪比阈值分别约为3和30,这意味着STSS对于IGV非常有效.在IGV突防能力的公开论述中,"轨道机动难于预测"是核心立足点.但IGV的横向平均加速能力仅约0.15g,而美国导弹防御系统已具备将探测系统获得的目标信息及时传递到其指挥系统和拦截弹的能力.通过定量估计容易证明,利用天基红外探测,IGV轨道机动不仅可预测,而且精度高,故"难于预测"之说不能成立.

The infrared radiation of intercontinental glide vehicles(IGV) is significant during hyper-velocity flight due to the serious aerodynamic heating. Our analysis and calculation show that the signal-to-noise ratio of infrared detection for IGV by the space tracking and surveillance system(STSS), which the United States is testing to deploy, will be between 10~3–10~5 in order in a short wave band around 2.7 μm, while the threshold values of signal-to-noise ratio for STSS to meet the track and recognition requirements are about 3 and 30, respectively. This means that STSS is very effective to IGV. In open argument of IGV penetration capability, the core standpoint is that it is difficult to predict the track of IGV due to its lateral maneuver. However, the lateral average acceleration capability of IGV is only about 0.15 g, while the US missile defense system was reported to have the ability to transmit the target information obtained by the detection system to its command system and interceptor missile in time. Through quantitative estimation, it is easy to prove that IGV orbital maneuver can not only predict, but also have high accuracy by using space-based infrared detection, so the argument of"difficult to predict" is not valid.