帆船时代福州国际贸易初探

On the International Trade of Fuzhou in the Sailing Ship Time

福州是福建省会,帆船时代福州国际贸易是"海丝"文化的重要组成部分,其特色是以朝贡贸易为主。福州官方主导的朝贡贸易始于后汉,发展于唐五代,明清时期福州作为郑和下西洋重要基地和中琉朝贡贸易唯一官定港口而鼎盛。郑和船队驻泊长乐和中琉贸易定点福州,奠定了福州在海外贸易史上的历史地位。国际贸易兴盛带动港口建设,贸易港从福州内河向滨江滨海发展,先后出现东冶港、甘棠港、河口港、太平港、马尾港等名港,成为"海上丝绸之路"的核心港和出发地之一。福州人有精湛的帆船制造技术,熟知天文地理,并掌握高超的航海技术。他们从事海外贸易,穿洋过海、贸迁四方,形成代代相传的海洋文化传统,这是福州国际贸易发展的重要人文因素。

Fuzhou is the capital of Fujian Province, and the international trade of Fuzhou in the sailing ship era is an important part of " the Silk Road of the Sea" culture, which is characterized by tributary trade. Fuzhou’s official-led tributary trade began in the later Han Dynasty and developed in the Five Dynasties of the Tang Dynasty. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Fuzhou flourished as an important base for Zheng He’s voyage to the West and the only official port for the tributary trade between China and Ryukyu Island.Zheng He’s fleet anchored and stationed in Changle and Fuzhou, established Fuzhou’s historical position in the history of overseas trade. The prosperity of international trade led to port construction, and trade port developed from Fuzhou inland river to riverside coastal.There were Dongye Port, Gantang Port, Hekou Port, Taiping Port, Mawei Port and they became famous core ports and places of departure of the Silk Road of the Sea. Fuzhou people have exquisite sailing ship technology, are familiar with astronomy, geography, and master superb navigation technology. They engage in overseas trade, cross seas and oceans, and move to the world, forming a marine cultural tradition passed down from generation to generation, which is an important humanistic factor in the development of Fuzhou’s international trade.