发达国家技能人才短缺治理的策略与启示

Governance Strategies and Enlightenment in Regard to Skilled Talents Shortage in Developed Countries

新一轮科技革命正在孕育,技能人才短缺引发的全球制造业人才竞争日趋激烈,我国制造业在转型升级过程中也出现了较为严重的技能人才不足的问题。美国、英国和澳大利亚等发达国家通过培养、引进和留用,推动技能人才短缺治理,如在小学阶段引入职业教育,开展多元制培养技能人才,推行可持续发展职业教育理念,开放非移民技能人才签证,降低技能人才留居限制,完善技能移民融入保障等。鉴于此,中国需要改革育人模式,深化"政府主导、校企合作"的办学体制、定位人才领域,在重点突破领域培养引进一批专业技能人才、明晰引智重点,针对华裔人群加大技能人才引进力度、完善留才机制,大力优化技能移民融入社会保障服务。

A new round of scientific and technological revolution is gestating,and the competition for talents in the global manufacturing industry caused by the shortage of skilled talents is becoming increasingly fierce.In the process of transformation and upgrading of China’s manufacturing industry,there is also a serious shortage of skilled talents.To cope with shortage of skilled talents,developed countries such as the United States,the United Kingdom and Australia have been actively training,bringing in and retaining talents.Specifically,different strategies have been taken,such as introducing vocational education at the primary school level,using multi-system to cultivate skilled talents,promoting ideas of sustainable development in vocational education opening visas for non-immigrant skilled talents,reducing restrictions on the retention of skilled talent and supporting the integration of skilled immigrants.In view of this,China needs to(1)reform the education mode and deepen the“governmentled,school-enterprise cooperation”school system,(2)determine area that needs talents,then cultivate and bring in professional skilled talents for key breakthrough areas,(3)clarify the focus when bringing in talents and bring in more skilled foreign citizen of Chinese origin,(4)improve the institutions of retaining talents and optimize supportive services that helps skilled immigrants integrate into the Chinese society.