论作为思维方法的微观经济学

Microeconomics As a Method of Thinking

作为思维方法的微观经济学,是指微观经济学在研究和思考社会现象时要遵守的一系列原则和假设。其中,首要原则是实证主义的科学主义,据此可以将微观经济学划分为实证经济学与规范经济学。微观经济学的实证经济学建立在两个基本假设之上,这两个基本假设是方法论的个人主义和经济理性行为,它们联合生成微观经济学的第二个原则--经济理性主义,并派生出两个分析工具:最优化分析和均衡分析。微观经济学的规范经济学叫做福利经济学,它所依据的原则是功利主义,构成了微观经济学的第三个原则,并由此派生出一个评价指标--帕累托效率或经济效率。这些原则、假设、分析工具和评价指标之间,是一个具有内在逻辑联系的整体。

Microeconomics refers to a set of principles and assumptions be observed when studying social phenomena as a method of thinking.The first principle of microeconomics is positivist scientism,which divides microeconomics into positive economics and normative economics.Positive economics is based on two basic assumptions,namely,methodological individualism and economic rationality,which jointly generate the second principle-the economic rationalism,and derive two analysis tools:optimization analysis and equilibrium analysis.The third principle of microeconomics is utilitarianism,from which welfare economics(normative economics)originates,and an evaluation index derives-Pareto Efficiency or economic efficiency.These principles,assumptions,analysis tools and evaluation indicators make up an internal logical relationship.