中国国际垂直专业化程度再测度——基于全球价值链分解法

Remeasurement of Chinese International Vertical Specialization--Based on Global Value Chains Decomposition

随着经济全球化的发展,由跨国公司主导的国际垂直专业化分工成为现代国际分工与贸易的主要形式。文章基于世界投入产出表,采用全球价值链分解法,将我国总出口分解为十六个部分,并构建VSS(后向垂直专业化率)和VSS1(前向垂直专业化率)两个指标,从出口总体和双边两个层面测度了我国垂直专业化程度及位置。研究结果显示,我国更多是以后向方式参与国际垂直专业化,主要参与的是产品加工和组装设计等附加值较低的生产环节,处于全球价值链低端位置。但从VS的构成成分和VSS与VSS1的差值变化来看,近年来我国又正在向全球价值链上游攀升,开始承担国际分工中的更多中间环节,贸易质量有所改善。与此同时,我国后向垂直专业化来源地和前向垂直专业化目的地更加分散,不再仅仅集中于美国、日本、韩国等经济体。

With the development of economic globalization,the international vertical specialization division dominated by multinational corporations has become the main form of modern international division of labor and trade.Based on the world input-output table,this paper adopts the global value chains decomposition method to decompose China’s total export into 16 parts,and constructs two indicators to measure China’s degree and position of vertical specialization from the overall export and bilateral levels:VSS(backward vertical specialization rate)and VSS1(forward vertical specialization rate).The results show that China is more involved in backward international vertical specialization,mainly participating in the production links with low added value such as product processing and assembly design,and locates in the lower end of the global value chains.However,from the perspective of the composition of VS and the difference between VSS and VSS1,China is climbing up the global value chain in recent years,starting to undertake more intermediate links in the international division of labor,and trade quality has been improved.At the same time,China’s backward vertical specialization source and forward vertical specialization destination are more dispersed,no longer just concentrated in the United States,Japan,and South Korea.