自闭症儿童及家庭社区接纳的现实困境与突破策略——基于无锡市3个社区的调查研究

Realistic Dilemma and Breakthrough Strategy on Community Acceptance of Autistic Children and Families:Research Based on Three Communities in Wuxi City

随着自闭症儿童患病率持续上升,社会对自闭症的关注越来越高,社区是自闭症儿童康复的桥梁,因此帮助自闭症儿童及其家庭获得社会接纳、融入社会具有重要意义。通过对无锡市3个社区的问卷调查,描述社区居民对于自闭症儿童及家庭的接触与接纳情况,并就影响因素进行讨论,发现社区居民与自闭症儿童及其家庭的接触非常少,并且其对待自闭症儿童及家庭的态度呈现矛盾状态,即虽然居民自身愿意接纳自闭症儿童及家庭为邻居,但很少有愿意接纳自闭症儿童的家人为朋友,更不愿意自己的子女同自闭症儿童接触。由此可见,自闭症儿童及其家庭在社区内遭遇到社区接纳的现实困境。鉴于社会支持对于自闭症儿童及家庭的发展具有重要意义,将对自闭症儿童及其家庭构建友好的社会氛围、提供全面的社会支持等作为重要的突破策略。

As the prevalence rate of autistic children continues to rise,the society is paying more attention to autism.The community offers a bridge for the rehabilitation of autistic children,so it is of great significance to help autistic children and their families to gain social acceptance and integrate into the society.This survey shows the contact and acceptance of autistic children and families in the communities through surveys on residents of three communities in Wuxi City,and offers discussion on the influencing factors.The study finds that the communities have little contact with autistic children and families,while their attitudes towards them appear contradictory;although the residents themselves are willing to accept autistic children and families as their neighbors,few are willing to befriend them and are more reluctant to let their own children contact autistic ones.Thus it can be seen that children and families with autism are confronted with the realistic dilemma of community acceptance.In view of the importance of social support for autistic children and families,we shall take providing comprehensive social support for autistic children and families as an important strategy for breakthrough.