环境电磁能量回收的新颖策略与方法

Novel Strategies and Methodologies for Harvesting Environmental Electromagnetic Energy

由于无线通信的高速发展,自由空间环境中存在丰富的电磁能量,可作为低功耗器件的有效能源补充。但环境中分布的电磁能量存在位置未知、频率未知以及功率不均等特点,而现有的采用定向接收天线的电磁能量回收系统在此环境下通常存在回收效率低下、尺寸大的缺点。针对上述局限性,本文分析其关键因素,从能量接收和能量转换两个关键环节提出新的策略,通过提升天线对分布在不同方向上的电磁能量的回收能力以及增强整流电路对不同输入功率电磁能量的转换能力来有效提升能量回收效率,实现了三种解决方案。实验结果表明,基于准各向同性天线的回收系统能够对全方位空间上的电磁能量进行有效的回收利用;基于全向天线的回收系统可更集中地回收水平方位所有角度上的电磁能量;基于宽输入功率整流电路的回收系统能够对天线收集到的不同功率的电磁能量进行高效转换。因此,本文提出的环境电磁能量回收的方案可以为能量回收提供新的思路,有助于推动电磁技术在能量回收领域的发展和实践绿色环保的可持续发展理念。

Due to the rapid development of wireless communication,there is abundant electromagnetic energy in the free space environment,which can be used as an effective energy source for low power devices.But there are uncertainties of environmental electromagnetic energy in spatial distribution position,frequencies and power levels,so the existing energy harvesting systems(EHS)with directional antennas usually have drawbacks such as low efficiency and large size when they are applied in free space environment.Based on the current limitations,this paper analyzed and proposed three methods to improve the antenna’s receiving performance at different orientations,as well as enhance the conversion efficiency of a rectifier at different input power levels.In fact,the results show that the EHS based on the quasi-isotropic antenna can harvest power in a spherical coverage,and the EHS based on the low-profile omnidirectional antenna can harvest more energy at different angles in the horizontal plane.Besides,better performance can be realized owing to the wide input power range of a rectifier.Therefore,the solutions proposed in this paper can provide novel strategies for energy harvesting,which contribute to promoting the development of electromagnetic technology in energy harvesting field and practicing the concept of sustainable development of green environmental protection.