用于物联网中无线能量传输的电小尺寸惠更斯整流天线

Electrically Small Huygens Rectennas for Wireless Power Transfer in Internet-of-Things(IoT)Applications

随着下一代无线通信系统(5G)的快速发展,无线物联网(Internet-of-Things,IoT)技术将得以广泛应用,万物互联在不久的将来成为可能。由于无线物联网设备数量的飞速增长,无线能量传输将会成为未来物联网设备的主要供电形式,取代基于传统电池的现有物联网设备供电技术。然而,如何设计结构紧凑且高效率的无线能量传输整流天线具有很大挑战。基于该背景,本文将介绍三款用于无线物联网中的电小尺寸的惠更斯整流天线。其基本设计思路是将电小惠更斯天线与高效率整流电路有机结合。首先,介绍一款线极化的电小惠更斯整流天线。该惠更斯天线将两个由超材料启发的埃及斧天线与电容耦合环天线组合,产生定向的心形辐射方向图,并与一个高效率的整流电路无缝结合。其次,介绍一款圆极化的电小尺寸惠更斯整流天线。该整流天线可以有效消除在特定应用场景中的极化失配的问题。最后,介绍一种双功能的同时具有通信与无线能量传输的电小尺寸惠更斯系统。本文所设计天线具有结构紧凑,高效率,易加工的特点,十分适合广泛用在未来无线物联网系统中。

Wireless Internet-of-Things(IoT)applications are emerging in a global scale along with the rapid development of the next generation(5G)wireless system.Due to the exponential growth in the number of IoT devices,wireless power transfer(WPT)will be the major approach for powering the IoT devices.The traditional battery-based powering technology will be replaced.A big challenge lies in how to design compact and highly efficient rectenna components for far field WPT applications.This paper will introduce three electrically small Huygens rectenna systems that will be used in IoT applications.First,a linearly polarized electrically small Huygens rectenna is introduced.The rectenna consists of two metamaterial-inspired near field resonant parasitic(NFRP)elements as an Egyptian axe dipole(EAD)and a capacitively loaded loop(CLL),together seamlessly integrated with a highly efficient rectifier circuit.Second,a circularly polarized electrically small Huygens rectenna is presented.This CP rectenna can mitigate the polarization mismatch issue arose in many application scenarios with multi-path effect.Third,a dual-functional electrically small Huygens antenna and rectenna system is illustrated,which enables both communication and WPT functionalities.All above electrically small Huygens rectennas are ideal candidate for wirelessly powering IoT devices.