超表面多波束天线技术及其在无线能量传输中的应用

Metasurface Multibeam Antenna Technology and Its Application in Microwave Wireless Power Transfer

自上世纪60年代无线能量传输首次成功的实验验证以来,该技术已成为电子科学与技术多个子领域的热门研究方向。近年来,在物联网、移动通信、和新能源汽车等变革式迅猛发展的推动下,智能电子和电气设备数量激增,无线能量传输技术的开发和成熟显得日益重要,其应用变得更加广泛。无线能量传输主要基于磁感应、谐振耦合、以及电磁辐射三种机理,现有的绝大多数研究集中在基于近场感应和耦合式的能量传输,无法满足很多广域场景下的充能要求,因此,高效中远距无线能量传输方案的解决成为当务之急。由亚波长单元构成的电磁超表面剖面低、损耗小、具有强大的电磁波调控能力,可实现低成本的菲涅尔区和远场区多波束聚焦,给无线能量传输带来了新的思路和方法。文章主要对超表面多波束天线技术进行介绍,包括对已有工作的整理和归纳,以及对其在无线能量传输中潜在应用的展望。

Ever since the first successful experimental demonstration of wireless power transfer in the 1960s,this technology has becoming a hot reseach topic in the field of electronic science and engineering.In recent years,with the evolutionary development of the internet of things,mobile communications,and new-energy vechicles,the number of smart electric and electronic devices has been growing with a unprecedently fast pace.The development of wireless power transfer technology is of great importance,due to its widespread potental applications.The wireless power transfer can be classified into three categories,namely the magnetic induction,resonant electromagnetic coupling,and electromagnetic wave radiation.Most exiting research activities on wireless power transfer focus on first two methods,which however cannot meet the needs in more complex and long-range scenarios.Hence,the high effiency mid-/far-range wireless power transfer is becoming more and more critical.Metasurfaces,which are composed by sub-wavelength building blocks,can provide powerful capability in manipulating the behaviors of electromagnetic waves,which can facilitate the design of multibeam antennas with focused beams in the Fresnel or far-field regions,with a low profile,light weight,and low loss,thus bringing new ideas and path for wireless power transfer.In this paper,the metasurface-based multibeam antenna techniques are presented,including a revisit of the reported works and their applications in wireless power transfer.