动产抵押公示对抗主义之合理性证成

Rationality of Publicity Antagonism on Movable Property Mortgage

关于动产抵押公示效力,主要存在公示生效主义和公示对抗主义的学理之争。我国立法对这一问题的规定在不同的法律文件中不尽一致。较之于公示生效主义的生硬和死板,公示对抗主义既能满足交易实践的需要,又在立法精神上契合民法的有限性、宽容性与经济性等谦抑精神。此外,公示对抗主义与物权的本质属性并不冲突,未经公示的动产抵押权不仅具有抵押权的优先受偿效力,而且在现行法的框架下,在一定范围内具有对抗第三人的效力。

Regarding the effectiveness of the movable property mortgage publicity,there is mainly a theoretical dispute between the doctrine of publicity effectiveness and the doctrine of publicity confrontation.The provisions of our country's legislation on this issue are not consistent in different legal documents.Compared with the bluntness and rigidness of the doctrine of public effectiveness,the doctrine of publicity confrontation can not only meet the needs of trading practice,but also conform to the modest spirit of the finiteness,tolerance and economy of civil law.In addition,the doctrine of publicity confrontation and the essential attributes of property rights are not in conflict.The unpublished movable property mortgage rights not only have the priority of mortgage rights,but also is,to a certain degree,against the effectiveness of the third party within the framework of the current law.