金融业开放对中国商业银行利润及风险的影响

The Impact of Financial Industry Openness on Chinese Commercial Banks’Profits and Risks

基于中国113家商业银行2009—2017年的非平衡面板数据,运用系统GMM方法,研究了金融业开放对中国商业银行利润与风险的影响。研究结果表明,金融业开放增加了银行业的竞争性,降低了银行利润率,而且非国有银行和非上市银行在利润率方面受到的影响更大,小银行相比于大银行更易受金融业开放的影响。金融业开放增加了银行的风险承担,而且利润率越高的银行,风险承担增加得越多。进一步研究发现,当存款竞争度越高、市场越成熟时,金融业开放对银行利润和风险的影响越小。因此,在推进金融业开放的过程中,应重点关注小银行的经营稳健;加强银行业监管,防止竞争导致银行业的过度风险承担;在扩大金融业开放的过程中,也要继续完善利率市场化。

Based on the unbalanced panel data of 113 commercial banks in China from 2009 to2017,this paper employs the SYS-GMM method to study the impact of financial industry openness on the profits and risks of China’s commercial banks.The results show that the opening of the financial industry has increased the competitiveness of the banking industry and reduced the profit margins of banks.Moreover,the non-state banks and non-listed banks are more affected in their profit margins;small banks are more susceptible to the opening of financial industry than large banks.The opening of financial industry has increased bank risks,and the higher the bank’s profit margin,the heavier the risk burden will be.Further research also finds out that the higher the degree of competition in deposits,the more mature the market,the smaller the impact of the opening of financial industry on bank profit and risks.Therefore,during the process of promoting the opening of financial industry,it is necessary to focus on the steady operation of the small banks,strengthen the supervision of the banking industry,prevent excessive risk taking of the baking industry caused by competition,and continue to improve interest rate liberalization.