水分调控对机采棉土壤水盐运移的影响

Effect of Water Regulation on Water and Salt Movement in Machine Cotton

【目的】为了探索生育期内水分管理对机采棉田根区土壤水分的调控效应。【方法】在石河子大学现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室试验基地通过田间人工控水试验重点研究了不同水分处理对棉田土壤水盐、棉花生长、产量等指标的影响规律,试验共设置3个水分处理,各处理重复3次。【结果】机采棉种植模式下W2(蕾期下限为60%,花铃期下限为70%)水分处理棉花根系层(0~60 cm)土层土壤含水率可以达到田间持水率的63.28%,处于适宜棉花生长的含水率范围;土壤盐分观测数据表明,处理W2条件下在保持根区适宜土壤水分的前提下,可以有效淋洗根区土壤盐分,使根区土壤处理脱盐淡化区;籽棉产量为5482.38 kg/hm^2,水分利用效率为1.30 kg/m^3。【结论】机采棉种植模式下生育期灌溉策略可显著调控棉田根区土壤水盐状况,从而改善棉田根区水盐环境,科学合理的灌溉管理可有效提高棉花产量和水分利用效率,本试验条件下W2(蕾期下限为60%,花铃期下限为70%)灌水处理为适宜的水分调控策略。

【Objective】The present paper aimed to study the effects of different moisture treatments on soil water and salt changes and yield of mechanically harvested cotton during boll stage.【Method】The experimental plot was used in the key laboratory test base of modern water-saving irrigation corps of Shihezi university and the water-saving irrigation test station of Shihezi university.Three water gradients were set up by pit test method,and each treatment was repeated three times.At the end of each growth period,the indexes of soil water content,soil salt content and yield were determined,and the effects of different water treatments on soil water and salt change and yield of mechanically harvested cotton were analyzed.【Result】The results showed that in W2(the lower limit of bud period was 60%,the lower limit of flowering and bolling period was 70%),the water holding capacity of 0-60 cm soil layer in the root layer of water treatment could reach 63.28%,which was suitable for crop growth.The range and the salt leaching effect were ideal,forming a desalting desalination zone,and the cotton field yield was 5482.38 kg/hm^2,which was 12.07%-30.39%higher than other treatments,and the water use efficiency was 1.30 kg/m^3,which was also the best.【Conclusion】The effects of different water treatments on the change of water and salt and cotton yield were significant,water treatment of W2(lower limit of bud stage was 60%,lower limit of flowering and boll stage was 70%)was a more reasonable water control strategy.