以书写纸作为菌包封口材料栽培平菇效果分析

Efficiency Analysis of Applying Writing Paper as Sealing Materials in Oyster Mushroom’s Cultivation

【目的】分析以书写纸代替报纸作为平菇栽培菌包封口材料的可行性,为提高平菇食用安全水平提供参考依据。【方法】开展以书写纸(处理A)代替报纸(处理B)作为菌包封口材料栽培平菇试验,综合评价菌丝生长状况、子实体数量和鲜重、经济效益及子实体重金属含量等指标,并进行生产应用验证。【结果】A处理平菇菌丝生长速率为0.97 cm/d,显著高于B处理(P<0.05);平均每袋(第一茬、第二茬合计,下同)产生子实体数为43.47个,比B处理多5.57个;平均每袋鲜重达257.59 g,比B处理增加11.70 g。A和B处理平菇子实体的铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)和砷(As)等重金属含量均低于食品安全国家标准和绿色食品-食用菌行业标准限量值(分别为1.000、0.200、0.100和0.500 mg/kg),且A处理平菇子实体的重金属Pb、Cd、Hg和As含量仅分别为0.001、0.085、0.002和0.037 mg/kg,远低于上述对应限量值,未检出铬(Cr),产品的食用安全性更高。经济效益分析结果表明,虽然A处理平均每袋菌包封口材料购置及剪裁成本合计比B处理增加0.002元,但每袋产值增加0.140元,扣除相关成本差价后,每袋可增收0.138元。生产应用结果表明,与B处理相比,A处理平均可缩短发菌时间3 d,第一茬和第二茬菇分别可提前采收3和4 d,且两茬菇每袋累计增加鲜重24.00 g。【结论】以书写纸代替报纸作为菌包封口材料可显著提高栽培平菇的菌丝生长速率,增加子实体数量,提高产量和经济效益,并提高平菇产品使用安全水平,建议在生产上推广应用。

【Objective】Feasibility study of applying writing paper as sealing materials in oyster mushroom’s cultivation was conducted in order to provide theoretical basis for increasing the safety of oyster mushroom products.【Method】The experiments and production demonstration were carried out by setting 2 treatments,ie.treatment A with writing paper as sealing materials and treatment B with newspapers(CK),and the growth of mycelium,number and fresh weight of fruiting bodies,cost and economic returns as well as heavy metal contents in fruiting bodies were investigated and evaluated.【Result】The growth rate of mycelium was 0.97 cm/d of treatment A,which was significantly higher than that of treatment B(P<0.05,the same as below),and the average number and fresh weight of fruiting bodies per bag(total of the first flush and second flush,hereafter)were 43.47,257.59 g,5.57 more and 11.7 g higher than that of treatment B,respectively.The results showed that the heavy metal content of Pb,Cd,Hg and As in fruiting bodies of both treatment A and B was lower than the limits(1.000,0.200,0.100,0.500 mg/kg,respectively)set by both national food safety standard and national agricultural standard for green food mushroom,and the content of Pb,Cd,Hg,As of treatment A was only 0.001,0.085,0.002 and 0.037 mg/kg,which was far more lower than the safety limits mentioned above,respectively.Besides,Cr was not found in the fruiting bodies of treatment A.The results indicated that the oyster mushroom of treatment A was much safer than that of treatment B.Compared to treatment B,the cost per bag of sealing materials and their processing increased by 0.002 yuan,while the output value increased by 0.140 yuan,thus the economic returns per bag of treatment A was 0.138 yuan higher than that of treatment B.The results of production demonstration showed that,when compared with treatment B,treatment A could shorten the period of spawn running by 3 days and shorten the average harvesting time of the first and second flush by 3 and 4 days,respectively,besides,treatment A could increase the fresh weight per bag by 24.00 g in total.【Conclusion】Based on the increase of mycelium’s growth rate,number and fresh weight of fruiting bodies,economic returns,as well as decrease of heavy metal contents,it is recommended that writing paper could be applied instead of newspapers as sealing materials in oyster mushroom’s production.