石漠化治理区火龙果果实品质评价

Evaluation of Pitaya Fruit Quality in Rocky Desertification Control Area

【目的】对石漠化治理区火龙果果实品质进行评价,为建立火龙果品质评价指标体系提供理论依据,并为石漠化治理区火龙果产业发展提供理论指导。【方法】以贵州典型喀斯特石漠化高原峡谷区普遍种植的红心火龙果为材料,对果实的果形指数、平均单果质量、可食率、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、固酸比、糖酸比、蛋白质、维生素C和膳食纤维12个重要品质指标进行测定和分析。运用主成分分析、聚类分析对火龙果果实品质进行分析评价。【结果】所提取的3个主成分的累计贡献率达93.508%,其中体现果实风味的指标在3个主成分中的载荷值均较高,集中体现在膳食纤维、可溶性糖、固酸比、蛋白质、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和糖酸比7个指标,基于聚类分析将15组火龙果品质分为3类,结合品质综合得分将15组火龙果品质得分排序为N>K>F>H>L>G>I>C>B>E>A>M>O>D>J,总体呈现出中等果形的品质最好,较大果形的次之,小果形的较差。【结论】石漠化治理区火龙果的风味口感是评价火龙果品质优劣的重要因素,果实品质呈现出中型果>大型果>小型果,为火龙果的产业发展及品质评价指标体系的构建具有一定指导意义。

【Objective】The objective of the paper is to evaluate fruit quality of pitaya cultivated in rocky desertification control area,to provide the theoretical basis for building the evaluation index system of pitaya quality and to provide the theoretical guidance for development of pitaya industry in rocky desertification control area.【Method】12 important quality indexes of fruit shape index,average single fruit weight,edible rate,soluble solids,soluble solids,soluble sugar,titratable acid,solid-acid ratio,sugar-acid ratio,protein,Vc and dietary fiber in red pitaya cultivated in plateau valley of typical karst rocky desertification in Guizhou were determined and analyzed by principal component analysis and clustering analysis.【Result】The accumulative contribution rate of three extracted principal components was up to 93.508%.The load value of fruit flavor indexes in three principal components was higher and the fruit flavor indexes focused on seven indexes of dietary fiber,soluble sugar,solid-acid ratio,protein,soluble solids,titratable acid and sugar-acid ratio.15 pitayas groups were divided into three types based on clustering analysis and the quality score of 15 pitayas groups was N>K>F>H>L>G>I>C>B>E>A>M>O>D>J according to quality comprehensive evaluation.The fruit quality of pitaya with medium fruit shape was the best overall,followed by larger fruit shape and small fruit shape.【Conclusion】The flavor and taste of pitaya are the important factors to evaluate fruit quality of pitaya in rocky desertification control area.The fruit quality of three pitaya sizes is medium fruit shape>larger fruit shape>small fruit shape.The built evaluation index system of pitaya quality has a certain guiding significance for development of pitaya industry in rocky desertification control area.