我国硫化物水生生物水质基准初探

Derivation of aquatic life water quality criteria for sulfide in China

为了保护大部分水生生物,维护水生生态系统结构和功能的完整性以及生物的多样性,推导硫化物水质基准并以此为依据制定水质标准已成为迫切需要。参照国际通用的相关技术指南,从美国环境保护署(USEPA)的ECOTOX毒性数据库和中国知网中收集了相应的硫化物对水生生物的毒性数据。结合我国水生生物区系特点,筛选出广泛存在于我国水体中的水生生物毒性数据。采用美国规范方法SSR法对毒性数据进行了分析,得到的硫化物急性和慢性基准分别为1.46、1.10μg·L^-1,且用荷兰物种敏感度分布(SSD)法和评价因子法进行了比较,SSD法与SSR法所得结果在同一数量级,评价因子法相对保守。

In order to protect most aquatic organisms,maintain the integrity of aquatic ecosystem structure and function as well as biological diversity,it has been urgent to establish water quality standard in China based on water quality criteria studied according to situations of Chinese species distribution and water quality characteristics.According to the relevant technology of the international general guidelines,theauthor collected the corresponding data of sulfide toxicity to aquatic organisms from the US environmental protection agency(USEPA)ECOTOX toxicity database and China National Knowledge Internet(CNKI)database.Then,according to the floristic characteristics of aquatic life in China,toxicity data of sulfide for freshwater aquatic organisms widely existed in China were selected.The toxicity data were analyzed by SSR method,and the acute and chronic criteria for sulfide in China were 1.67 and 1.27μg·L^-1,respectively.Two methods of criteria development of species sensitivity distribution(SSD)method and assessment factor method were also used to derive the sulfide criteria,respectively,and the results were compared with that of the US method.It suggested that the criteria derived by the SSD method and SSR method were of the same order of magnitude,and the acute criteria of assessment factor method were relatively conservative.