关于宋元哲学研究的几个基本问题

Some Basic Problems in the Study of Philosophy in Song and Yuan Dynasties

作为宋元哲学的道学,强调“仁”为“善之本”,主张“仁者,浑然与物同体”。这样的“仁”,其理论意涵与“道”“理”在同一个层面,已经具备本原、本体的意义。可以说,正是因为道学在“道”与“理”的层面上诠释儒家哲学中的“仁、义、礼、智、信”等范畴,才改变了一般儒家哲学中“仁、义、礼、智、信”等观念的意涵多在伦理道德原则范围的状况,使得儒家的伦理观念升华到了本原、本体的形上学层面。这是宋元时期,道学之所以成其为道学的重要历史缘由,也是宋元道学对于儒家哲学在理论方面划时代的创发与贡献。

As the Taoism of the philosophy of Song and Yuan Dynasties,it emphasizes"benevolence"as the foundation of"goodness",and advocates that"benevolence is as the same level as matters".This kind of"benevolence",whose theoretical meaning is on the same level as"Tao"and"Li",has the original and ontological significance.It can be said that just because Taoism interprets the categories of"benevolence,righteousness,propriety,intelligence and faith"in Confucian philosophy at the level of"Dao"and"Reason",which changes the situation that the concepts of"benevolence,righteousness,propriety,intelligence and faith"in general Confucian philosophy are mostly within the scope of ethical principles.It makes the Confucian ethical concept enhances to the metaphysical level of the original and the noumenon thing in its self.This is the important historical reason why Taoism became Daoism in Song and Yuan Dynasties.It is also the epoch-making creation and contribution of Taoism in Song and Yuan Dynasties to Confucian philosophy.