明清时期贵州的善会善堂

The Guizhou Charity Halls and Shantang during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

社会救济是传统中国“王政”的重要表现,亦是政府负有的社会责任。明代以来,国家对贵州的经营和开发,亦体现在社会救济事业的逐渐展开上,其中国家经营及官督民办的善堂虽屡有沉浮兴替,但总体上是在不断发展和增长的。一方面体现为善堂的综合性和专门化的并行发展,既有养济院和普济堂这样的综合性善堂,也逐渐发展出了尚节堂、育婴堂、宾兴会等专门化救助的善会善堂;另一方面通过对救济对象的甄别和管理,善堂也具有了一定的社会控制的职能。

Social relief is an important manifestation of traditional Chinese“king politics”and a social responsibility of the government.Since the Ming Dynasty,the state's operation and development of Guizhou has also been reflected in the gradual development of social relief.The state-run and government-supervised private halls have continued to develop and grow.The aspect is the comprehensive and specialized parallel development of Shantang.There are comprehensive Shantangs such as Yangjiyuan and Pujitang,but also gradually developed special aids such as Shangjietang,Yuyingtang,Binxinghui Hui Shan Tang,on the other hand,through the screening and management of relief objects,Shan Tang also has a certain social control function.