高昌回鹘取伊州及与沙州归义军政权之关系

The Takeover of Yizhou by the Uighurs of Qoco and the Impact of This Event on the Gui-yi-jun Regime in Shazhou

850年,沙州归义军驱逐吐蕃,光复伊州,但伊州西附近的纳职却一直为回鹘所占据。856年,张议潮一度出兵纳职,虽击破纳职势力,但未攻克纳职城。同年,唐册封安西回鹘庞特勤的使者王端章在伊州附近被劫掠。劫掠者最有可能的就是东与归义军为敌、西与庞特勤争雄的纳职回鹘。876年,高昌回鹘势力东扩,取伊州,这一行动受到沙州民众的赞扬;而且此后,高昌回鹘与沙州归义军政权保持密切关系,说明高昌回鹘不是从沙州归义军政权而是从其敌对者手中夺取伊州的。该敌对势力最有可能就是纳职回鹘,加上此前纳职回鹘曾多次侵入河西地区,其经行路线需要途次伊州,说明纳职回鹘已从归义军手中夺取了伊州,其时大致应在867—869年之间。

In 850,the Gui-yi-jun regime drove Tibetan invaders away and took back Yizhou,but the city of Nap ik near Yizhou was still controlled by the Uighurs.In 856,Zhang Yichao ordered his armies to defeat the occupiers of Nap ik,but failed to reclaim the city.In the same year,Wang Duanzhang,who was the envoy of the Uighur Khan named Pang Teqin from Anxi,who was conferred a title by the Tang government,was pillaged near Yizhou.The pillagers were most likely the Uighur from Nap ik,who were not only the enemies of the Gui-yi-jun in the east but were also engaged in fighting with Pang Teqin for supremacy in the west.In 876,the Qoco Uighurs expanded eastwards and took Yizhou,an event which was eulogized in Shazhou.Thereafter,the relationship between the Qoco Uighur and the Gui-yi-jun regime in Shazhou became quite close,wh ich suggests that it was from their Uighur competitor rather than the Gui-yi-jun regime that the Gaochang Uighur reclaimed Yizhou,the most likely identity for this competitor being the Uighurs of Nap ik.The Nap ik Uighurs had invaded the Hexi regions many times,and each time they had to pass by Yizhou;this means that the Nap ik Uighurs had to have reclaimed Yizhou from the Gui-yi-jun regime in the years between 867—869.