新疆尼雅遗址95MNⅠM1:43的纤维和染料分析所见中西交流

Understanding Sino-Western Communication Based on the Fiber and Dye Analysis of Textile Artifact 95MNⅠM1:43 from Niya in Xinjiang

尼雅遗址位于新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘,属丝绸之路南线的交通要冲。本文通过对95MNⅠM1:43的显微观察和染料分析,发现该纺织品为经过缫丝和脱胶处理的家养桑蚕丝制成,且被西茜草、黄檗以及波兰胭脂虫染色。西茜草为新疆本地染料,黄檗来自新疆以东的内地,波兰胭脂虫来自新疆地区以西。新疆尼雅遗址95MNⅠM1:43的研究显示其丝织工艺受到中原地区的影响,而染色过程使用的染料来源复杂,显示尼雅纤维有不同地区染料的特征。

The site of Niya,located at the south edge of the Taklimakan Desert,is an important site along the southern route of the Silk Road in China.Through the microscopic observation and dye analysis of textile artifact 95MNⅠM1:43,it was found that the textile was woven with mulberry silk that had been processed by silk reeling and degumming,and that the textile was dyed with Rubia tinctorum L.,Phellodendron Amur,and Polish cochineal insects(Porphyrophora polonica).The Rubia tinctorum L.was a local dye of Xinjiang,the Phellodendron Amur came from the west of Xinjiang,and the Polish cochineal insects were from Inner China.Therefore,the study of 95MNⅠM1:43 shows that this silk processing method was influenced by that of the Central Plains,and that the dyes came to Niya from different places throughout China and Xinjiang because of the city’s central geographic location.