2.5D石英纤维增强硼酚醛树脂可陶瓷化复合材料的制备与烧蚀性能

Preparation and ablation performance of 2.5D quartz fiber reinforced boron phenolic resin ceramizable composites

通过预浸料模压工艺制备了2.5D石英纤维增强硼酚醛树脂可陶瓷化复合材料,采用TG测试、马弗炉静态烧蚀测试、力学测试、氧-乙炔试验、场发射扫描电镜等方法对2.5D纤维增强硼酚醛树脂可陶瓷化复合材料的热稳定性、力学性能、耐烧蚀性能进行分析测试,并与2D纤维增强硼酚醛树脂可陶瓷化复合材料进行对比。结果表明,陶瓷填料对复合材料的热性能有显著改善,失重第一阶段温度和残碳率明显增加;马弗炉热解后2D结构样品缺陷多,层间出现破坏,弯曲强度为14~20 MPa, 2.5D结构样品热解后保持了良好的整体结构,弯曲强度为16~24 MPa;通过氧乙炔烧蚀试验, 2.5D结构样品烧蚀30 s质量烧蚀率为0.0413 g/s,线烧蚀率为0.032 mm/s,烧蚀60 s质量烧蚀率为0.0218 g/s,线烧蚀率为0.023 mm/s,测试结果均优于与之对比的2D结构样品,通过SEM和EDS分析, 2.5D结构样品优异的抗热应力分层性能和纤维表面结构对复相陶瓷的稳定性是其低烧蚀率的主要原因。

The 2.5 D quartz fiber reinforced boron phenolic resin ceramizable composite was prepared by prepreg molding process. TG test, muffle furnace static ablation test, mechanical test, oxygen-acetylene test, field emission scanning electron microscope and other methods were used to analyze the thermal properties, mechanical properties and ablation resistance of 2.5 D quartz fiber reinforced boron phenolic resin ceramizable composites. The test results show that the ceramic filler has a significant improvement on the thermal stability of the composites, and the temperature at the first stage of weight loss and the residual carbon ratio are significantly increased. After the muffle furnace pyrolysis, the 2 D structure sample has many defects and damage between layers, and the bending strength is 14-20 MPa, the 2.5 D structure sample maintains a good overall structure after pyrolysis, and the bending strength is 16-24 MPa. After the ablation of the 2.5 D structure sample by the oxyacetylene ablation test, the mass ablation rate is 0.0413 g/s and the line ablation rate is 0.032 mm/s. After 60 s of ablation, the mass ablation rate is 0.0218 g/s, and the line ablation rate is 0.023 mm/s. The test results are better than the 2 D structure samples. Through SEM and EDS analysis, the 2.5 D structure samples have excellent thermal stress delamination resistance, and the fiber surface structure has stability to multiphase ceramics, which are the main reasons for low ablation rate of the composite.