美国环评公众参与程序司法审查标准的经验及启示

The Experience and Enlightenment of US Judicial Review Standard about the Public Participation Process in EIA

公众参与是环境保护决策和行为科学化、民主化的一种程序保障。对环评公众参与程序的司法审查不仅可以保障立法所确定的环评程序得到践行,实现权利保障,促进理性决策,而且也可调和环评程序的各方价值,进一步建构风险沟通的场域。"公众参与"在美国环境法中无处不在,其立法将公众所享有的环境信息知情权、参与权和司法救济权具体细化到各项法律之中,而美国公民参与环评以颇低的社会成本,发挥不错的监督与制衡的功能,就是因为"公民参与"和"司法审查"能够相互配合。我国法院在环评批复案审查时,可借鉴美国法院的程序性严格审查原则,审查环评信息是否充分公开,公众参与是否有效,并增加行政机关说明义务。

Public participation is a procedural guarantee for scientific and democratic decision-making and conduct of environmental protection.Judicial review of the EIA public participation in decision-making process of examination can not only guarantee the identified EIA legislation procedure for practice,realize rights,promote the rational decisions,but also to reconcile the values of all parties in the EIA procedure,further construction of fields of risk communication.American citizens’ participation in EIA plays a good function of supervision and checks and balance at a relatively low social cost,because "citizen participation" and "judicial review" can cooperate with each other.In the review of EIA approval cases,the courts of our country can draw on the principle of procedural strict examination of the courts of the United States to examine whether the EIA information is fully open,whether public participation is effective,and to increase the obligation of administrative organs to explain.