东北春玉米氮肥推荐施肥模型研究

Recommended fertilization model for spring maize nitrogen fertilizer in Northeast China

【目的】比较不同肥料效应函数模型对东北地区玉米施肥量和产量的拟合效果,以期找出拟合效果最好的效应函数模型,为东北春玉米推荐施肥提供理论依据。【方法】用二次项模型、线性加平台模型、指数模型和球模型4种函数效应模型对东北地区2010年以来开展的测土配方施肥项目"3414"田间试验,包括棕壤、白浆土、草甸土、黑钙土、风沙土、黑土和新积土7种不同典型土壤类型,按相对产量小于80%、80%~90%和大于90%分为低、中和高肥力水平的417个田间试验进行拟合,分析比较4种函数效应模型下的推荐施肥量、目标产量和决定系数(R^2),找出拟合效果最好的模型。【结果】综合考虑肥料效应函数的拟合度、推荐施肥量、和目标产量后,在低肥力棕壤、黑钙土、风沙土、黑土和新积土上,拟合效果为线性加平台模型>球模型>二次项模型>指数模型,选用线性加平台模型较球模型、二次项模型和指数模型分别节省N 60~93、73~95和84~114 kg/hm2;在低肥力白浆土和草甸土上,拟合效果为线性加平台模型>球模型>指数模型>二次项模型,选用线性加平台模型较球模型、二次项模型和指数模型分别节省N 68~73、84~87和89~91 kg/hm2。在中等肥力棕壤、黑钙土、黑土和风沙土上,拟合效果为线性加平台模型>球模型>二次项模型>指数模型,选用线性加平台模型较球模型、二次项模型和指数模型分别节省N 72~93、75~103和89~113 kg/hm2;在中等肥力白浆土、草甸土和新积土上,拟合效果为线性加平台模型>球模型>指数模型>二次项模型,选用线性加平台模型较球模型、二次项模型和指数模型分别节省N 78~100、97~103和85~126 kg/hm2。在高等肥力白浆土和黑土上,拟合效果为线性加平台模型>二次项模型>球模型>指数模型,选用线性加平台模型较球模型、二次项模型和指数模型分别节省N 105~118、121~134和165~168 kg/hm2;在高等肥力黑钙土上,拟合效果为线性加平台模型>球模型>二次项模型>指数模型,选用线性加平台模型较球模型、二次项模型和指数模型分别节省N 154、154和155 kg/hm2。【结论】综合考虑肥料效应函数的拟合度、推荐施肥量和目标产量,发现4种肥料效应函数模型在7种不同土壤类型和不同肥力水平上均表现为线性加平台的拟合效果最好,而其他3种肥料效应函数在不同土壤类型和不同肥力水平土壤上拟合效果不同。

【Objectives】The fitting of different fertilizer effect function models of the fertilizer application rate and yield of maize in Northeast China was compared,and the effect function model with the best fitting effect was found out,which provided an important theoretical basis for the recommended fertilizer application of spring maize in Northeast China.【Methods】Four functional effect models,quadratic term model,linear plus platform model,exponential model and spherical model were used to study the“3414”field experiments of soil testing and formula fertilizer project in Northeast China since 2010,including brown soil,alibic soil,meadow soil,chernozem,aeolian soil,black soil and alluvial soil,according to the relative yield of less than 80%,80%–90%and more than 90%.417 field experiments with low,medium and high fertility levels were fitted.The recommended fertilizer application rate,target yield and determination coefficient(R2)under the four functional effect models were analyzed and compared,and the model with the best fitting effect was found out.【Results】After considering the fitting degree of fertilizer effect function,recommended fertilizer application and target yield,on low-fertility·brown soil,chernozem,aeolian soil,black soil and alluvial soil,the fitting effect was as follows:linear plus platform model>spherical model>quadratic term model>exponential index model,and compared with the spherical model,quadratic term model and exponential model,the linear plus platform model saved 60–93,73–95 and 84–114 kg/hm2 nitrogen,respectively.On low fertility albic soil and meadow soil,the fitting effect was as follows:linear plus platform model>spherical model>exponential model>quadratic term model,and compared with the spherical model,quadratic term model and exponential model,the linear plus platform model saved 68–73,84–87 and 89–91 kg/hm2 nitrogen,respectively.On medium fertility brown soil,chernozem,black soil and aeolian soil,the fitting effect was as follows:linear plus platform model>spherical model>quadratic term model>exponential model,and compared with the spherical model,quadratic term model and exponential model,the linear plus platform model saved 72–93,75–103 and 89–113 kg/hm2 nitrogen,respectively.On middle fertility albic soil,meadow soil and alluvial soil,the fitting effect was as follows:linear plus platform model>spherical model>exponential model>quadratic term model,and compared with the spherical model,quadratic term model and exponential model,the linear plus platform model saved 78–100,97–103 and 85–126 kg/hm2 nitrogen,respectively.On high-fertility albic soil and black soil,the fitting effect was as follows:linear plus platform model>quadratic term model>spherical model>exponential model,and compared with the spherical model,quadratic term model and exponential model,the linear plus platform model saved 105–118,121–134 and 165–168 kg/hm2 nitrogen,respectively.On high fertility chernozem,the fitting effect was as follows:linear plus platform model>spherical model>quadratic term model>exponential model,and compared with the spherical model,the quadratic term model and the exponential model,the linear plus platform model saved 154,154 and 155 kg/hm2 nitrogen,respectively.【Conclusions】Considering the fit of the fertilizer effect function,the recommended rate of fertilizer and target yield,the fitting effect of the linear plus platform model is the best in seven soils,and the other three kinds of fertilizer effect function are different according to soil type and soil fertility.