中外城市蔓延的特征、类型及驱动因素比较研究

Comparative Studies on the Characteristics,Types and Driving Factors of Urban Sprawl between China and Foreign Countries

中国与欧美等国家城市蔓延的特征存在着一定的差异,呈现出细胞分裂型、离心卫星城型和摊大饼型三种主要类型。建立一个带有政府行为的单中心城市模型,可以分析出各驱动因素对于城市边界的具体作用。在理论模型分析的基础上,选取中国、美国、日本、英国、法国、德国6国的样本数据,实证检验各国城市蔓延驱动因素的差异,得出中国城市蔓延的扩张形态与西方国家不同,各国城市蔓延都受到人口增长、经济水平提高及交通的影响,政府行为是推动中国城市蔓延的主要驱动因素等结果。进而通过逐渐削弱政府行为对城市蔓延的推动力,推广高效与紧凑的城市土地利用方式,公平分配社会资源以缩小贫富差距,根据城市产业结构提倡集约型成长,以及采用征税的经济手段鼓励绿色出行等对策,有针对性地抑制及治理我国城市的无序蔓延。

There are some differences in the characteristics of urban sprawl between China and the countries in America and Europe,demonstrating three major different types:cell division type,centrifugal satellite type and pancake type.This paper constructs a mono-centric urban model with the government behavior to analyze the roles of individual driving factors on the city boundary.Based on the theoretical model analysis,this paper selects the sample data from six countries including China,U.S.,Japan,U.K.,France and Germany to make empirical tests on the differences in the driving factors of urban sprawl in various countries.The study findings show that:The characteristics of urban sprawl are different between China and western countries.The urban sprawl is affected by population growth,economic growth and the traffic in all countries.The government behavior is the main driving factor of urban sprawl in China.It then proposes to gradually reduce the government behaviors in advancing urban sprawl,promote efficient and intensive use of urban land,distribute fairly social resources to bridge the gap between the rich and the poor,advocate intensive growth based on the industrial structures of a city,and encourage green travel through economic instruments such as tax.These countermeasures will help to effectively restrain and control the out-of-order urban sprawl in China.