山西省和陕西省交界处吕梁山贫困区狂犬病流行状况及防控建议

Epidemiology of rabies and control suggestions in less developed Lyuliang mountain area between Shanxi and Shaanxi

目的分析山西省和陕西省交界处吕梁山贫困区人间狂犬病流行规律和流行病学特征,掌握疫情现状和防治过程中存在的问题,为科学防治和消除狂犬病提供合理化建议。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统中2008-2018年吕梁山贫困区狂犬病监测数据进行分析,数据录入采用Excel 2003软件。结果 2008-2018年吕梁山贫困区报告人间狂犬病病例23例,分布在11个县,主要集中在5-11月,45~65岁组病例最多,男女性别比为2.83∶1,农民占86.96%。结论吕梁山贫困区人间狂犬病具有明显的"三间分布"特征,且存在监测体系不健全、危害认知不足和防治费用负担较重等问题。由于农民是狂犬病高发人群,在策略上将贫困地区作为重点,才能更好地实现消除狂犬病的目标。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of rabies in impoverished Lyuliang mountain area between Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces, find out the problems in rabies prevention and control, and provide reasonable suggestions for the prevention, control and elimination of rabies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method is used to analyze the rabies surveillance data in Lyuliang mountain area from 2008 to 2018 collected from the Information Management System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Excel 2003 was used for data entry. Results From 2008 to2018, a total of 23 rabies cases were reported in this area. The cases were distributed in 11 counties, the cases mainly occurred from May to November, and most cases were aged 45–65 years, and the male to female ratio of cases was 2.83∶1. The cases in farmers accounted for 86.96% of the total. Conclusion The incidence of rabies showed obvious seasonal, area and population distribution characteristics in this area. Moreover, problems existed in local rabies surveillance system, local people had insufficient hazard awareness and heavy burden vaccination costs. Because farmer is populations at high risk for rabies, it is necessary to strengthen the rabies prevention and control in less developed areas for the better implementation of rabies elimination.