2014-2018年山西省疟疾疫情分析

Incidence analysis of malaria in Shanxi, 2014–2018

目的为了解2014-2018年山西省输入性疟疾的流行病学特征,评价疟疾监测系统的敏感性,防止疟疾再传播、减少疟疾重症和死亡病例的发生,为制定科学、有效的策略与措施提供依据。方法收集2014-2018年山西省输入性疟疾病例资料,所有病例按血涂片疟原虫形态检查结果分为恶性疟、间日疟、三日疟、卵形疟或混合感染,并对所收集的资料进行统计和分析。结果共报告疟疾75例,均为输入性病例。其中恶性疟53例、间日疟13例、卵形疟5例、三日疟和混合感染各2例。病例以男性为主,占总病例数的94.67%(71/75)。21~50岁年龄组病例数最多,达85.33%(64/75),病例主要职业为工人/农民,占54.67%(41/75)。输入性病例全年均有分布,并且无明显发病高峰。报告病例感染来源以非洲为主,占90.67%。从发病到就诊间隔时间和从就诊到诊断间隔时间中位数分别为3 d和2 d。结论 2014-2018年山西省疟疾病例均为境外输入病例,加强对非洲地区和东南亚地区返乡人员的疟疾监测,及时发现和治疗输入性病例。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in Shanxi province, evaluate the sensitivity of the malaria surveillance system, and provide a scientific basis for the development of scientific and effective strategies and measures to prevent the spread of malaria, prevent or reduce malaria incifence and death. Methods The incidence data of imported malaria in Shanxi from 2014 to 2018 were analyzed. The blood samples were collected from the cases for blood film test of plasmodium. Results A total of 75 cases of malaria were reported, all of them were imported cases. There were 53 cases of falciparum malaria, 13 cases of vivax malaria, 5 cases of ovale malaria, 2 cases of quartan malaria and 2 cases of mixed infection. Most cases were males(94.67%,71/75), and the cases aged 21–50 years accounted for85.33%(64/75). The cases were mainly workers and farmers(54.67%,41/75). Imported cases were reported all the year round,and there was no obvious incidence peak. The imported cases were mainly from Africa, accounting for 90.67%. The median intervals between onset and hospital visit and between hospital visit and diagnosis were 3 d and 2 d, respectively. Conclusion In the past five years, malaria cases reported in Shanxi were all imported ones. Strengthening malaria surveillance in returnees from Africa and Southeast Asia, and timely detection and treatment of imported cases are critical for the implementation of malaria elimination in Shanxi.