“十四五”时期中国区域发展战略与政策

China’s Regional Development Strategy and Policy during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period

“十三五”时期,在国家区域发展战略和政策的积极推动下,东部地区经济转型升级加快,中西部地区经济增长呈现良好势头,老少边穷地区经济获得较快增长,区域之间发展的协调性进一步增强。尽管中国区域协调发展成效显著,但也面临南北经济增长不平衡、区域创新能力差距较大、基本公共服务均等化任重道远、蓝海经济发展缓慢等问题。统筹推进区域协调发展与区域高质量发展,构建更高质量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持续的区域高质量协调发展新格局,是当前中国区域发展的核心任务。从寻求区域协调发展到追求区域高质量协调发展,不仅体现了区域发展理念的变革,也适应了当今中国区域发展转型的需要。为促进区域高质量协调发展,“十四五”期间,中国应继续以四大板块战略为基础,以重点带区战略为骨架,统筹各大板块和带区发展,深化完善“4+X”区域发展总体战略,推动形成点线面结合的国家区域发展战略体系;以构建横跨东中西、连接南北方的“三横三纵”国土空间开发主架构,建立以城市群和都市圈为主要载体的增长极网络,以及制定实施国土空间开发负面清单制度为重点,进一步完善国土空间治理体系;加快“C”形沿边开放经济带建设,进一步加大内陆开放力度,全力培育三大海洋经济区,推动形成陆海统筹以及沿海、沿边和内陆三线协调的全域开放格局。在此基础上,还应积极帮助东北地区实现脱困振兴,大力培育中西部地区先进制造业基地,制定实施相对贫困地区扶持政策,加快推进现代基础设施一体化。

During the“13th Five-Year Plan”period,with the active promotion of national regional development strategies and policies,the economic transformation and upgrading of the eastern region accelerated,the economic growth of the central and western regions showed a good momentum,the economy of the backward regions achieved rapid growth,and the development coordination among regions is further enhanced.Although China’s regional coordinated development has achieved remarkable results,it also faces such problems as unbalanced economic growth between the north and the south,large gap in regional innovation capacity,difficulty in equalization of basic public services,and slow development of marine economy.Promoting regional high-quality development in an all-round way,and building a new pattern of coordinated development of higher quality,efficiency,fairness,and sustainability in the region are the core tasks of China’s current regional development.From regional coordinated development to regional high-quality coordinated development,not only reflects the change in the concept of regional development,but also meets the needs of China’s regional development and transformation.In order to promote regional high-quality and coordinated development,during the“14th Five-Year Plan”period,we should continue to take the four plates strategy as the basis,the key belts strategy as the framework,coordinate the development of each plate and belt,deepen and improve the overall strategy of“4+X”regional development,and promote the formation of a national regional development strategy system combining point,line and area.To further improve the land space governance system,we focus on building a“three horizontal and three vertical”main framework of land space development across the east,the west and the north,connecting the south and the north,establishing a growth pole network with urban agglomerations as the main carrier,and formulating and implementing the negative list system of land space development.Accelerating the construction of the“C”shaped open economic belt along the border,further increase the efforts to open up the interior,make efforts to cultivate the three major marine economic zones,and promote the formation of a all-round open pattern featuring land and sea integration and coordination of the coastal,border and inland lines.On this basis,the government should also actively help the northeast region to achieve poverty alleviation and revitalization,vigorously cultivate advanced manufacturing bases in the central and western regions,formulate and implement support policies for relatively poverty areas,accelerate the integration of modern infrastructure.