抗战期间广东省银行沟通潮梅汇路之研究

The Canton Provincial Bank and its Chaozhou-Meizhou Remittance Channel during the Anti-Japanese War

论文利用广东省档案馆藏近代侨汇档案,集中考察了1939年6月汕头沦陷后,广东省银行沟通潮梅汇路的成因、成效及局限,进而分析其对华南抗战的作用及贡献。研究显示,抗战期间汕头的陷落,是广东省银行沟通这一汇路的重要契机;其自身所具有的经营特色和优势,是其能够肩负这一历史使命的重要保证;而海内外各方则是促成汇路沟通的重要参与者。在此过程中,广东省银行发展壮大,并惠及数百万潮梅侨眷生计。同时为厚实国家外汇储备及赢取华南抗战的最终胜利做出了重要贡献。然而,国民政府严格限制其海外拓展的政策,英、法、荷等国在南洋属地实施的外汇管制以及英、美对中国资金的封存,都在一定程度上制约了它吸收侨汇的成效。

Based on an analysis of the Canton Provincial Archives of modern overseas remittances,this paper discusses the causes,effects and constraints of the process by which the Canton Provincial Bank(hereinafter referred to as the CPB)opened up the Chaozhou-Meizhou remittance channel as a local financial institution during the anti-Japanese War.The fall of Shantou was an important catalyst motivating the CPB to communicate with the Chaozhou-Meizhou remittance channel.The CPB’s own characteristic advantages guaranteed the success of this historical mission,while the strength of all parties both at home and abroad facilitated this communication.During the process,the CPB was able to grow,while it also benefited several million family members of the Chaozhou and Meizhou sojourners overseas,and contributed a substantial amount of foreign exchange reserves to the ultimate victory of the Sino-Japanese economic war in South China.However,the Nanjing Government restricted the CPB from expanding overseas.Britain,France and the Netherlands implemented foreign exchange controls in their South Asian territories.In addition,Britain and the United States also froze Chinese funds.All these factors to a certain extent constrained the CPB’s capability to absorb remittances.